青年湖沉积物中氮赋存形态的季节性变化

通过对青年湖中心区和浅滩区近1 a的野外观测,分析其沉积物、间隙水和上覆水中TN、EN(可交换态氮)和Fixed-NH4+-N(固定态铵)的含量及表层沉积物Eh和温度的季节变化.结果表明:沉积物中w(TN)较高,且中心区大于浅滩区;NH4+-N是沉积物中EN的主要形式,约占w(EN)的95%,是氮自沉积物向表层水扩散的主要形态;沉积物中w(NO3--N)和w(NO2--N)较低;青年湖沉积物具有较强的吸持Fixed-NH4+-N的能力,浅滩区和中心区w(Fixed-NH4+-N)占w(TN)的比例分别为18.57%和20.84%,Fixed-NH4+-N是潜在氮源;沉积物中w(可交换态NH4+-N)和w(Fixed-NH4+-N)呈现春、夏季降低,秋、冬季升高的变化趋势,w(NO3--N)呈春、夏季升高而秋、冬季降低的变化趋势,且浅滩区变幅大于中心区;植物根系、温度的季节性变化可改变表层沉积物的还原环境,进而影响氮的硝化-反硝化作用和矿化作用.      

Assessment of pollution of potentially harmful elements in soils surrounding a municipal solid waste incinerator,China

We assessed the contamination levels of Mn, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, As and Hg and the risks posed by these potentially harmful elements in top-soils around a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI).We collected 20 soil samples, with an average pH of 8.1, and another fly ash sample emitted from the MSWI to investigate the concentrations of these elements in soils. We determined the concentrations of these elements by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), except for Hg, which we measured by AF-610B atomic fluorescence spectrometer (AFS). We assessed the risks of these elements through the use of geoaccumulation index (I _geo), potential ecological risk index (RI), hazard quotient (HQ _i ) and cancer risk (Risk _i ). The results showed that concentrations of potentially harmful elements in soil were influenced by the wind direction, and the concentrations of most elements were higher in the area northwest of the MSWI, compared with the area southeast of the incinerator, with the exception of As; these results were in accordance with those results acquired from our contour maps. According to the I _geo values, some soil samples were clearly polluted by Hg emissions. However, the health risk assessment indicated that the concentrations of Hg and other elements in soil did not pose non-carcinogenic risks to the local populations. This was also the case for the carcinogenic risks posed by As, Cr, and Ni. The carcinogenic risk posed by As was higher, in the range 6.49 × 10^–6–9.58 × 10^–6, but this was still considered to be an acceptable level of risk.

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离子液体[C_8 mim]Cl对泥鳅胚胎和仔鱼的毒性

以泥鳅的胚胎及仔鱼为试验材料,选择胚胎发育的4个不同时期(囊胚期、原肠胚中期、神经胚期、尾芽期)及仔鱼期为处理开始的时间点,探讨了离子液体[C8mim]Cl的毒性作用。结果表明,随着[C8mim]Cl浓度增加,泥鳅胚胎的孵化率下降,畸形率上升,具有明显的剂量-效应关系,67~150 mg·L-1的[C8mim]Cl对泥鳅胚胎均表现出明显的致畸毒性效应;随着[C8mim]Cl浓度增加,泥鳅仔鱼死亡率上升,而100~225 mg·L-1的[C8mim]Cl对泥鳅仔鱼具有明显的致畸、致死作用。其中,[C8mim]Cl对孵出期泥鳅仔鱼的24 h、48 h的半致死浓度分别为97.95和86.77 mg·L-1;而[C8mim]Cl对孵出后3 d泥鳅仔鱼的24 h、48 h的半致死浓度分别为73.77和40.98 mg·L-1。由上可知,在一定的剂量内,[C8mim]Cl对泥鳅胚胎及仔鱼的发育有明显的致畸、致死作用,这为离子液体[C8mim]Cl的合理使用提供了理论依据。     

Enhanced adsorption of phosphate by loading nanosized ferric oxyhydroxide on anion resin

Ferric oxyhydroxide loaded anion exchanger （FOAE） hybrid adsorbent was prepared by loading nanosized ferric oxyhydroxide （FO） on anion exchanger resin for the removal of phosphate from wastewater. TEM and XRD analysis confirmed the existence of FO on FOAE. After FO loading, the adsorption capacity of the hybrid adsorbent increased from 38.70 to 51.52mg.g-1. Adsorption processes for both FOAE and anion resin were better fit to the pseudo first order model. Batch adsorption experiments revealed that higher temperature （313K）, higher initial phosphate concentration （50 mg.L-1） and lower solution pH （pH value of 2） would be more propitious to phosphate adsorption. Competition effect of coexisting anions on phosphate removal can be concluded as sulfate 〉 nitrate 〉 chloride. Freundlich isotherm model can describe the adsorption of phosphate on FOAE more accurately, which indicated the heterogeneous adsorption occurred on the inner-surface of FOAE.     

城市污水管道入流入渗监测技术研究与应用进展

入流和入渗(inflow and infiltration)会导致管道中水量超过设计水量,是导致污水管道溢流的主要原因。由于管道埋藏于地下,入流和入渗时间和位置随机性强,难于及时发现入流和入渗的位置和原因。目前国外的排水研究和管理人员利用在线监测技术获取了大量的监测数据,分析水量变化规律,并利用烟道测试等检测手段寻找入流入渗源。对排水管道入流入渗的监测和数据分析技术及在实际管理中的应用手段进行了综述,并以国内某城市实际监测数据为例进行入流入渗的分析,可为国内排水管网监控管理提供借鉴。     

数值分析技术在荔湾3-1项目安全施工方面的应用

海上油气田开发具有高风险、高投入、高技术的特点。基于我国第一艘深水铺管起重船“海洋石油201”的技术参数特点,研究了“海洋石油201”船在荔湾3-1项目中可能的应用范围及可行性。提出了对应的深水海管铺设工艺、PLEM&PLET安装方案,并采用专业计算分析软件对上述安装过程进行了计算模拟,计算结果表明本文所提出方法可以很好地实现海管和PLET以及PLEM的安全安装。     

吉林西部不同土地利用方式下的生长季土壤CO2排放通量日变化及影响因素

利用GXH-3051A红外线分析仪,采用动态闭合气室法对吉林西部4种土地利用方式下土壤CO2排放通量日变化进行了定位测量,系统分析了环境因子及土壤理化性质等因素对土壤CO2排放通量日变化的影响。结果表明,水田、旱田、草地和盐碱地土壤CO2排放通量日变化均呈单峰曲线,但排放通量的日均值有较大差异,其中水田和草地排放量较高,分别为1.69μmol.m-2.s-1和1.24μmol.m-2.s-1;旱田和盐碱地较低,为0.50μmol.m-2.s-1和0.63μmol.m-2.s-1。各地类土壤CO2排放通量的日均值与其每天上午10:00土壤CO2排放通量值最为接近,即可用该时间测得的土壤CO2排放通量估测日平均值。土地利用方式和大气温度是造成土壤CO2日排放通量差异的主要因素,多年来该区土地利用方式的变化,改变了土壤表层10 cm内的土层温度、土壤含水率、有机碳含量、水解氮含量,进而影响土壤呼吸和CO2排放通量;区内水田土壤CO2排放通量与温度的相关性最高(R2=0.837 5),其次为旱田和草地。     

悬空式格栅吊顶场所感烟火灾探测报警试验研究

文章依据国家标准《点型感烟火灾探测器》(GB4715-2005)并以标准燃烧实验室中悬空式75mm×75mm格栅吊顶为对象,通过不同遮挡方式,开展等尺寸不同镂空率条件下格栅吊顶上方及下方的火灾烟气模拟和感烟火灾探测器响应特性试验,探讨悬空式格栅吊顶场所感烟火灾探测器的设计应用要求.研究表明,悬空式格栅吊顶场所感烟火灾探测器响应特性随镂空率不同而存在差异;当镂空率小于15％时,格栅吊顶下方探测器先报警;当镂空率大于30％时,格栅吊顶上方探测器先报警;当镂空率在15％～30％之间时,格栅吊顶上、下方探测器报警呈现随机性.     

对新农村建设中农信社业务发展的思考

面对农村金融市场日益激烈的竞争环境和新农村建设对农信社业务发展提出的新要求,农信社要更加关注、全面分析业务发展中存在的问题,树立支农新理念;重视市场调研,准确定位;加大业务发展创新力度;强化服务水平和质量,以加快农信社业务的发展。     

KFR-2特种饰面型防火涂料的热解动力学分析

利用梅特勒TA4000,25-TC15型热分析仪对KFR-2特种饰面型防火涂料和普通乳胶漆涂料进行了TG和DSC分析,研究了KFR-2特种饰面型防火涂料和普通乳胶漆涂料的降解过程.在分析动力学理论模型基础上,分析数据,确定了KFR-2特种饰面型防火涂料和普通乳胶漆涂料的热力学参数,活化能.通过分析比较得出,与普通乳胶漆相比,KFR-2特种饰面型防火涂料由于添加了阻燃成分,使活化能显著提高,热稳定性明显加强,体系耐热性能好,阻燃效果明显.