顺序控制功能在河滨220kV智能变电站的应用

针对宁夏地区新建的河滨 220 kV 智能变电站中顺序控制功能的特点,按照 Q/GWD 383-2009标准中对智能变电站顺序控制功能的要求,分析比较了变电站顺序控制的实现方式,介绍了河滨220 kV智能变电站顺序控制逻辑及方案,对未来宁夏地区智能变电站顺序控制发展应用提出了建议。分析结果表明:河滨220 kV智能变电站顺序控制方案充分考虑了变电站监控系统的特点,为 220 kV 智能变电站自动化系统功能的实现提供了有力技术保障。     

中国人口结构对碳排放量影响研究

从人口结构角度探讨碳排放问题,有利于正确判断和把握影响碳排放量的人口因素,有的放矢地制定碳减排政策,应对我国经济发展方式的转变有着重要的理论和现实意义.本文利用我国1995-2007年碳排放量、人口总数、人口的城市化率、老龄化率和反映人口消费结构的恩格尔系数第二产业从业人口比重等时间序列数据,运用协整理论、格兰杰因果检验和多元回归模型作为分析工具,对我国人口结构与碳排放量之间的关系做了实证分析.结果发现:①1995-2007年间,人口结构中的人口城市化率、人口的消费结构、第二产业从业人口比重对碳排放量均存在正向影响,而人口规模对碳排放量的影响在模型中却表现为负效应;②相对于人口规模,人口的结构特征对碳排放量的影响越来越大,其中人口的城市化率对碳排放量的正向影响最大,说明中国的碳排放量与城市化的进程存在着密切关系;③人口的老龄化对二氧化碳排放量具有负效应,人口老龄化的加快对长期碳排放有抑制作用,所以在未来实现碳减排会逐渐成为可能.最后,针对分析结果,探讨了未来我国的碳减排策略,以期能有效地控制人口因素对我国碳排放增长的影响.     

鸟儿与战争

自从有了战争,许多动物就成为人类的"战友",如我国战国时期齐国田单用火牛阵大破燕军。到了近代和现代,人们已把许多动物训练成"士兵",去执行一些常人无法完成的特殊战斗任务。这样,在战争利益的驱动下,本来一些温顺可爱的动物也成了战场上的勇士。本文仅讲鸽子与海鸥参战的故事。     

Habitat classification: A comparison using avian species and guilds

Results of breeding bird censuses in 1979 and 1980 were used to compare the relationships of both species and guilds to forest habitats in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Several age classes of 11 forest cover types were studied: northern hard-woods (Fagus-Betula-Acer), spruce (Picea), spruce-fir (Picea-Abies), birth (Betula), swamp hardwoods (Acer-Pinus-Tsuga), pine (Pinus strobus andP. resinosa), balsam fir (Abies), aspen (Populus tremuloides andP. grandidentata), northern red oak (Quercus), oak-pine (Quercus-Pinus), and hemlock (Tsuga). All types were even-aged; only northern hardwoods had an additional uneven-aged condition. Forest cover types were also pooled to consider generalized habitats: hardwoods, mixed forest, or softwoods. Results of ordinations based on censuses of 74 bird species indicate that foraging guilds are more related to general cover types than are nesting substrate guilds, but bird species reflect habitat differences to a greater degree than do either guild scheme. Also, considerable overlap occurs in bird species distribution between hardwoods and mixed forests; softwoods show little overlap with other types. Discriminant function and classification analyses revealed that bird species composition can be used to correctly classify general forest habitats more accurately (83.8%) than either foraging (63.2%) or nesting substrate guilds (58.4%). These results indicate that, of the habitats studied, avian species compositions are more characteristic than are foraging or nesting substrate guild composition, which tend to be similar across forest habitats.     

Flood area and damage estimation in Zhejiang,China

A GIS-based method to estimate flood area and damage is presented in this paper, which is oriented to developing countries like China, where labor is readily available for GIS data collecting, and tools such as, HEC-GeoRAS might not be readily available. At present local authorities in developing countries are often not predisposed to pay for commercial GIS platforms. To calculate flood area, two cases, non-source flood and source flood, are distinguished and a seed-spread algorithm suitable for source-flooding is described. The flood damage estimation is calculated in raster format by overlaying the flood area range with thematic maps and relating this to other socioeconomic data. Several measures used to improve the geometric accuracy and computing efficiency are presented. The management issues related to the application of this method, including the cost-effectiveness of approximate method in practice and supplementing two technical lines (self-programming and adopting commercial GIS software) to each other, are also discussed. The applications show that this approach has practical significance to flood fighting and control in developing countries like China.     

河冰对桥墩作用的冰荷载计算方法(Ⅰ)——河冰的力学性能试验

通过对松花江河冰的物理力学性能试验和松花江公路大桥桥墩的流冰动压力测量、桥面的脉动测量 ,依据国内外对冰 -结构相互作用的分析 ,提出了适合我国黑龙江冰情特点的春季流冰冰荷载的计算方法。     

领导干部安全培训工作的思考

安全生产培训可为安全生产形势的稳定好转提供保障。本文结合安全生产工作实际,在不断摸索和总结培训工作经验的基础上,对如何做好地（市）、县（市）领导干部的安全生产培训工作,特别是培训的目的、方式和方法等方面有了更加清晰的认识。在此基础上对今后如何开展地（市）、县（市）领导干部的安全生产培训工作提出一些建议,如设置模块教学、理好传统教育与现代培训的关系、加大培训力度,扩大培训范围等方式和方法,以增强培训效果。     

Reutilisation-extended material flows and circular economy in China

Circular economy (CE), with its basic principle of Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle, has been determined as the key strategy for the national development plan by the Chinese government. Given the economy-wide material flow analysis (EW-MFA) that leaves the inner flow of resource reutilisation unidentified, the reutilisation-extended EW-MFA is first introduced to evaluate and analyse the material input, solid waste generation, and reutilisation simultaneously. The total amount of comprehensive reutilisation (CR) is divided into three sub-flows, namely, reutilisation, recycle, and reuse. Thus, this model is used to investigate the resource CR in China from 2000 to 2010. China’s total amount of CR and its sub-flows, as well as the CR rate, remain to have a general upward trend. By the year 2010, about 60% of the overall solid waste generation had already been reutilised, and more than 20% of the total resource requirement was reutilised resource. Moreover, the growth patterns of the CR sub flows show different characteristics.Interpretations of resource reutilisation-related laws and regulations of CE and the corresponding policy suggestions are proposed based on the results.