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981.
    
Organic and inorganic materials migrate downstream and have important roles in regulating environmental health in the river networks. However, it remains unclear whether and how a mixture of materials (i.e., microbial species) from various upstream habitats contribute to microbial community coalescence upstream of a dam. Here we track the spatial variation in microbial abundance and diversity in the Three Gorges Reservoir based on quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing data. We further quantitatively assess the relative contributions of microbial species from mainstem, its tributaries, and the surrounding riverbank soils to the area immediately upstream of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD). We found an increase of microbial diversity and the convergent microbial distribution pattern in areas immediately upstream of TGD, suggesting this area become a new confluence for microbial diversity immigrating from upstream. Indeed, the number of shared species increased from upstream to TGD but unique species decreased, indicating immigration of various sources of microbial species overwhelms local environmental conditions in structuring microbial community close to TGD. By quantifying the sources of microbial species close to TGD, we found little contribution from soils as compared to tributaries, especially for sites closer to TGD, suggesting tributary microbes have greater influence on microbial diversity and environmental health in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Collectively, our results suggest that tracking microbial geographic origin and evaluating accumulating effects of microbial diversity shed light on the ecological processes in microbial communities and provide information for regulating aquatic ecological health.  相似文献   
982.
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IntroductionChina’senergyusepattern ,characterizedbyadominatingrelianceoncoal,hasledtosevereSO2pollutionandresultinghealthdamage .Withconsumptionsoffossilfuelsstilltogrow ,totalhealthdamageisanticipatedtoincrease ,whichwillbeagreatchallengetoChina.Thischallengerequirescomprehensivehealthimpactassessmenttoguideenvironmentalpolicyandreorientpublicopinioninfavorofeffectivepreventiveaction .Generally,the“ImpactPathwayApproach”(Krewit,1 999;Thanh ,2 0 0 0 ) ,whichlinkstheemissiontoconcentrat…  相似文献   
983.
再生水是就地可取、稳定可靠的城市第二水源.再生水饮用回用(补充水源)技术经济性可行,是解决城市缺水问题的重要途径和构建可持续水循环系统的重要组成部分.作为具有复杂系统特征的非传统供水工程,再生水饮用回用的关键是保障水质安全稳定和系统可靠高效运行,因此需要构建包括水质安全管理、健康风险评价和多重屏障工程措施在内的安全保障体系.水质安全管理方面需建设包括制订科学的饮用回用水质标准和再生水处理工艺要求,建立针对再生水处理工艺和饮用回用全系统的危害分析关键控制点管理(HACCP)体系,并加强水质安全监管和认证.健康风险评价方面需开展全方位、统筹性和持续性的化学污染物和微生物风险评价方法.工程措施方面需建设包括源头控制、再生水厂净化、环境缓冲和饮用水厂净化在内的多重屏障系统,以确保水质安全.在多重屏障系统中,再生水厂是保障饮用回用水质安全的核心环节,“反渗透-高级氧化”和“臭氧-生物活性炭”是再生水处理的可行工艺.今后需深入、持续开展新兴高风险污染物控制技术、再生水环境储存和饮用回用模式等方面的研究.   相似文献   
984.
在污水场总进水水质变化不大的情况下,根据2003年5月份以来污水场内部水质变差原因进行分析,从而采取有效措施,降低污染负荷,防止冲击后续处理设施。提高外排污水合格率。  相似文献   
985.
利用2017~2019年夏、冬季天津市大气污染物监测和气象观测数据,基于天津气象铁塔垂直观测,针对大气垂直扩散条件对PM2.5和O3的影响进行研究.结果显示:近地面PM2.5浓度随高度的升高而下降,O3浓度则随高度的升高而上升,受大气垂直扩散条件的季节和日变化影响,冬季,地面与120m PM2.5质量浓度相关明显,与200m PM2.5质量浓度无明显相关.夏季,120m和200m PM2.5质量浓度相关系数为0.72,午后通常出现120m和200m PM2.5质量浓度高于地面的情况.夏季,不同高度O3浓度差异小于冬季,地面与120m高度O3浓度接近.以大气稳定度、逆温强度和气温递减率作为大气垂直扩散指标,对地面PM2.5和O3垂直分布具有指示作用.冬季,TKE与PM2.5质量浓度相关系数为到-0.65,夏季,TKE与ΔPM2.5相关系数为-0.39.夏、冬季TKE与地面O3浓度的相关系数分别为0.46和0.53,与ΔO3的相关系数分别为0.73和0.70.弱下沉运动对地面O3浓度影响较强,40m高度垂直运动速度与地面O3浓度的相关系数在冬、夏季分别为-0.54和-0.61.对冬季典型PM2.5重污染过程的分析发现,雾霾的生消维持和PM2.5浓度的变化与大气稳定度、气温垂直递减率和TKE的变化有直接关系.对夏季典型O3污染过程的分析发现,近地面的O3污染的形成与有利光化学反应的气象条件密切相关,同时,垂直向下输送和有利垂直扩散条件对O3污染的形成和爆发影响明显.  相似文献   
986.
探究了3种不同颗粒及絮状污泥比例(高颗粒系统10:1~30:1;等量系统1:1~1:1.5;高絮状系统1:10~1:30)的单级自养脱氮系统(CANON)抵御快速降温的效能和机制.结果表明,CANON系统在30℃稳定运行后快速降温至10℃时,各系统的总氮去除负荷(NRR)均大幅下降,但等量系统的NRR始终高于其他系统....  相似文献   
987.
针对中国环境影响评价执行率逐步提高的同时,环境质量却持续恶化的现状,从环境经济学的理论出发,揭示了参与方之间的关系是由其经济关系决定的,取决于参与方之间的交易成本和经济收益.选用经典博弈论中的信号博弈模型对中国的环评过程进行描述,分析参与四方(政府、企业、环评单位、公众)的行动,得出博弈均衡解,按照博弈的转化条件,获得将现有均衡转变为最优均衡状态的博弈方法.分析发现,模型存在2个均衡解.目前的环境影响评价处在片面追求经济收益的状态,而追求经济和环境保护协调发展的状态,显然更符合社会发展的要求.在将公众作为参与方加入到模型后,通过计算模型总收益和总成本的变化,表明完善的公众参与体制可以实现模型均衡转化的目标.  相似文献   
988.
    
Nutrients, dissolved and particulate organic carbon and plankton (bacterio-, phyto- and zoo-) were compared in the turbidity maximum zone (TMZ) and adjacent areas (non-TMZ) in the Pearl River estuary. Our results showed that high levels of suspended substances had marked effect on dynamics of nutrients and plankton in the TMZ. Based on the cluster analysis of total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations, all stations were divided into two groups, TMZ with average TSS of 171 mg/L and non-TMZ of 45 mg/L. Suspended substances adsorbed PO43 − and dissolved organic carbon, resulting in higher particulate phosphorus and organic carbon (POC) and lower PO43 − and DOC in the TMZ, compared to the non-TMZ. However, suspended substances had limited effect on nitrogenous nutrients. Phytoplankton growth was light-limited due to high concentrations of suspended substances in the TMZ and a peak of phytoplankton abundance appeared in the non-TMZ. In contrast, the highest bacterial abundance occurred in the TMZ, which was likely partly responsible for low DOC levels. Two peaks of zooplankton abundance observed in the TMZ and non-TMZ in the Pearl River estuary were primarily supported by bacteria and phytoplankton, respectively. Our finding implied that high levels of suspended solids in the TMZ affect the trophic balance.  相似文献   
989.
分析湿法脱硫顶部设置湿式电除尘器的结构形式,采用CFD流场优化设计,重点研究了湿电极管入口和极管内的流场;对比分析了优化前、后的流场分布情况,结果表明湿电侧部出风是导致流场偏流的主要原因.通过增设导流叶片和非均匀开孔孔板,优化了湿电极管内部流场,满足了流场设计要求,充分发挥了湿电除尘的效能.该流场设计方案在多个烧结机头...  相似文献   
990.
Particulate pollution was a critical challenge to the promise of good air quality during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, which took place from August 8th to 24th. To ensure good air quality for the Games, several temporary emission control measures were implemented in Beijing and surrounding areas. Ambient particulate matter concentration decreased significantly during the Olympic period; however, it is difficult to distinguish the effectiveness of those control measures since meteorology also affects ambient PM2.5 concentration. In this work, a multiple linear regression model based on continuous field monitoring at a roadside site was conducted to evaluate the effects of meteorology and emission control measures on the reduction of PM2.5 during the 2008 Olympic Games. The hourly data set was divided into two time periods, the no control period, June 22nd to July 4th, and the control period, July 28th to August 21st. The response variable was PM2.5 and the meteorology covariates used in the model were hourly temperature, dew point temperature, wind speed and precipitation. Wind direction was not a significant predictor of PM2.5 levels in either the control or the no control period. Using the meteorologically-based regression coefficients from the two time periods, meteorology was found to contribute to at least a 16% reduction in PM2.5 levels in the roadside microenvironment; while the pollution control measures contributed to at least a 43% reduction in PM2.5 levels.  相似文献   
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