节能的目标责任制与自愿协议

节能目标责任制和节能自愿协议作为两种不同的节能管理手段,在我国节能管理工作中发挥了不同的作用,对二者进行模式总结和比较分析,对我国未来的节能政策制定和政策工具选择具有重要意义.研究结果表明,节能目标责任制和节能自愿协议都发生在政府与企业之间,涉及一定时期内的企业节能目标,由政府与企业签订书面承诺,并有相应的评估监督方法.同时二者又存在不同的模式和特征,在具体的实施主体、指标的选择以及激励约束机制等方面存在诸多差别."十一五"期间,我国工业企业节能取得巨大成效,这与节能目标责任制的实施密不可分,而节能自愿协议在机制创新方面有着更为重大的制度意义,它代表了在节能管理领域基于自愿的市场机制对我国传统行政命令型资源环境管理模式的补充,它的进一步推进将为我国未来多种机制并存的节能管理提供更多有益的经验和借鉴.     

Mercury species of sediment and fish in freshwater fish ponds around the Pearl River Delta, PR China: human health risk assessment

This study investigated total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in five species of freshwater fish and their associated fish pond sediments collected from 18 freshwater fish ponds around the Pearl River Delta (PRD). The concentrations of THg and MeHg in fish pond surface sediments were 33.1-386 ng g(-1) dry wt and 0.18-1.25 ng g(-1) dry wt, respectively. The age of ponds affected the surface sediment MeHg concentration. The vertical distribution of MeHg in sediment cores showed that MeHg concentrations decreased with increasing depth in the top 10 cm. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between %MeHg and DNA from Desulfovibrionacaea or Desulfobulbus (p<0.05) in sediment cores. Concentrations of THg and MeHg in fish muscles ranged from 7.43-76.7 to 5.93-76.1 ng g(-1) wet wt, respectively, with significant linear relationships (r=0.97, p<0.01, n=122) observed between THg and MeHg levels in fish. A significant correlation between THg concentrations in fish (herbivorous: r=0.71, p<0.05, n=7; carnivorous: r=0.77, p<0.05, n=11) and corresponding sediments was also obtained. Risk assessment indicated that the consumption of largemouth bass and mandarin fish would result in higher estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of MeHg than reference dose (RfD) for both adults and children.     

淄博市环境质量现状与改善对策研究

通过对淄博市环境质量变化趋势的分析,指出结构性污染和区域性污染是淄博市环境污染存在的最突出问题,既影响了环境质量状况的持续改善,也制约了环境容量和环境承载能力。提出应科学调整产业结构,加快结构性污染治理,并对加快淄博市工业结构调整提出几点建议。     

Homology modeling of anti-parathion antibody and its interaction with organophosphorous pesticides and analogues

The mechanism of specific recognition in pesticide immunochemistry was investigated by computer-based strategy, and a rapid method for the identification of antibody specificity was developed. Based on the previously produced anti-parathion monoclonal antibody (mAb), the DNA sequence was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). From the translated amino acid sequences, a three-dimensional structure of the antibody was constructed by homology modeling method, and then it was coordinated by 1 ns molecular dynamics under the explicit solvent condition. The stereochemical property and folding quality were further assessed by Procheck and Profile-3D. The self-compatibility score for the antibody model was 98.7, which was greater than the low score 46.2 and close to the top score 102.6. In addition, parathion and several structural analogues were docked to the constructed antibody structure. The docking results showed that the interaction energy (-40.54 kcal/mol) of antibody-parathion complex was the lowest among all the tested pesticides, which accounted for the high specificity of the antibody to parathion and perfectly matched with the experimental data. Moreover, three residues, Phe165, Asp107 and Thr100 were recognized as the most important residues for antibody reacting with parathion. The interaction energy negatively correlated with the antibody specificity.     

异波折板水解酸化-A2O一体化反应器实验研究

设计了异波折板水解酸化-A2O一体化反应器,进行生活污水处理的实验研究。10个月的实验结果表明,系统的最佳水力停留时间（HRT）为8 h时,最适COD进水浓度为240-100mg/L,最佳混合液回流比（r）-污泥回流比（R）为250%-100%。控制反应器于以上运行参数下,25±2℃所对应的COD、TN和TP去除率分别为96.84%、67.55%和81.92%。当温度降至7℃时,其COD、TP和TN分别降至86.35%、50.25%和65.68%。基于实验分析结果,阐明了一体化反应器高效性的机理在于异波折板水解酸化段具有高效传质特性和A2O段具有复合式活性污泥-接触氧化好氧池的特点。     

陕西未来15年地震灾害损失预测研究

依据人口、GDP及其随时间的增长等基础数据以及全国破坏性地震资料统计建立的易损性矩阵关系,在陕西及邻近地区地震危险性预测结果的基础上,利用基于宏观经济指标的地震灾害损失预测方法,以0.1°×0.1°的网格单元对陕西省未来15年的地震灾害损失进行了预测研究.     

洞庭湖区江滩钉螺分布的环境因子及空间特征——基于RS/GIS的研究

钉螺的分布与其孳生地环境的自然因素密切相关,并具有一定的空间特征。在建立洞庭湖区江滩钉螺分布地理信息系统的基础上,运用GIS空间分析技术,对钉螺孳生地的环境状况作了多因子分析,发现洞庭湖区江滩钉螺孳生地植被类型主要为芦苇和莎草类,孳生地的土壤类型主要为潴育性水稻土;孳生地土壤为pH值处于5．5～7．5的弱酸性环境,有机质含量处于2％～3％;80％孳生地的植被标化指数在0．100～0．375之间、土壤湿度在0．202～0．507之间、近水源距离为10～230之间。并且标化植被指数、莎草类植被类型与钉螺密度成正相关,而pH值、有机质含量均成负相关。同时,钉螺密度的分布也具有一定的特征：（1）在空间上呈集聚模式;（2）空间自相关性比较强,相关程度受离群值的影响;（3）变异函数呈指数模型,并存在空间方向性。     

基于多源遥感影像的台风灾情动态评估——研究进展

沿海地区作为人口聚集、国民经济和社会发展重要的区域和战略中心,台风带来的损失往往是惨重和致命的。尤其是近年来,随着台风突发强度、频度和广度的不断增长,灾后救援工作显得格外重要,亟待开展灾情信息快速获取与动态评估研究。该领域目前主要探讨的问题为：台风灾情信息的遥感数据来源;基于遥感影像的灾情评估方法;台风灾情表征指标与评估模型;台风灾害风险综合管理等。在全球变暖和快速城市化的背景下,目前应集中开展的研究为：以我国沿海地区典型台风为剖析对象,构建台风多尺度灾情表征指标体系和基于多源遥感影像的台风灾情动态评估模型;集成开发遥感-地理信息系统（RS-GIS）灾情动态评估工具集;探讨台风灾情信息共享与分布式管理机制。这不但能实现受灾地区灾情快速评估与制图,而且能为我国沿海地区台风综合灾害风险管理以及可持续发展战略实施提供科学依据。     

舟山钓梁围垦工程土工布、碎石垫层施工技术探讨

海洋深水软土地基筑堤基础处理通常采用爆破挤淤法及塑料排水板排水固结法。排水板排水固结法主要工序有土工布、碎石垫层铺设、塑料排水板打插,其中碎石垫层作为滤水层,对基础处理效果有较大的影响。根据舟山钓梁工程施工情况看,目前塑料排水板打插工艺相对较成熟,而土工布、碎石垫层铺设工艺则尚在研究探讨中,因此重点对舟山市钓梁围垦工程土工布、碎石垫层铺设的施工工艺进行探讨,为今后发展提供参考。     

Methane and carbon dioxide emission from two pig finishing barns

Agricultural activities are an important source of greenhouse gases. However, comprehensive, long-term, and high-quality measurement data of these gases are lacking. This article presents a field study of CH(4) and CO(2) emission from two 1100-head mechanically ventilated pig (Sus scrofa) finishing barns (B1 and B2) with shallow manure flushing systems and propane space heaters from August 2002 to July 2003 in northern Missouri. Barn 2 was treated with soybean oil sprinkling, misting essential oils, and misting essential oils with water to reduce air pollutant emissions. Only days with CDFB (complete-data-full-barn), defined as >80% of valid data during a day with >80% pigs in the barns, were used. The CH(4) average daily mean (ADM) emission rates were 36.2 +/- 2.0 g/d AU (ADM +/- 95% confidence interval; animal unit = 500 kg live mass) from B1 (CDFB days = 134) and 28.8 +/- 1.8 g/d AU from B2 (CDFB days = 131). The CO(2) ADM emission rates were 17.5 +/- 0.8 kg/d AU from B1 (CDFB days = 146) and 14.2 +/- 0.6 kg/d AU from B2 (CDFB days = 137). The treated barn reduced CH(4) emission by 20% (P < 0.01) and CO(2) emission by 19% (P < 0.01). The CH(4) and CO(2) released from the flushing lagoon effluent were equivalent to 9.8 and 4.1% of the CDFB CH(4) and CO(2) emissions, respectively. The emission data were compared with the literature, and the characteristics of CH(4) and CO(2) concentrations and emissions were discussed.