牡丹江流域农业面源污染特征及防治对策研究

牡丹江流域农业面源污染的贡献值大于点源污染。农业面源污染的主要来源中,农田化肥的污染贡献最大,其次是畜禽粪便、生活污水、生活垃圾。区域污染贡献比例中,COD贡献值按大小顺序依次为宁安市、牡丹江市、林口县、海林市。NH3-N、TN、TP贡献值按大小顺序依次为宁安市、林口县、海林市、牡丹江市。结合牡丹江流域农业面源污染的构成特点和现存问题,提出切实可行的农业面源污染防治对策。     

脱氮硫杆菌自养反硝化及其影响因素研究进展

简要回顾了近几十年来利用脱氮硫杆菌进行自养反硝化及其影响因素方面的研究成果,阐述了接种脱氮硫杆菌的自养反硝化系统的应用范围和主要影响因素的研究现状。其中对一些与自养反硝化应用及其影响因素相关的重要问题、近年来研究的热点问题,如硫磺颗粒粒径影响、硫磺/石灰石的体积比、进水硫化物/硝酸盐的摩尔比、水力停留时间、有毒物质的影响以及脱氮动力学模型的建立进行了重点分析。指出了利用脱氮硫杆菌进行自养反硝化目前存在的一些技术方面的问题及其解决途径,并对其今后的发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望。     

镜泊湖水环境容量与水污染防治对策研究

随着镜泊湖旅游业快速发展,环境压力指数化增加长,环境保护面临着巨大的挑战。针对镜泊湖水环境污染严重的状况,在水质现状评价的基础上,计算了镜泊湖高锰酸盐指数和总磷两项指标的水环境容量值,并对计算结果进行了分析。在水环境容量计算结果的基础上,结合实际情况提出了镜泊湖流域水环境保护的措施和建议,为合理有效地利用水环境容量资源和区域可持续发展提供理论支撑和对策。     

Assessment of source water contamination by estrogenic disrupting compounds in China

Detection of estrogenic disrupting compounds (EDCs) in drinking waters around China has led to rising concerns about health risks associated with these compounds. There is, however, a paucity of studies on the occurrence and identification of the main compounds responsible for this pollution in the source waters. To fill this void, we screened estrogenic activities of 23 source water samples from six main river systems in China, using a recombinant two-hybrid yeast assay. All sample extracts induced significant estrogenic activity, with E2 equivalents (EEQ) of raw water ranging from 0.08 to 2.40 ng/L. Additionally, 16 samples were selected for chemical analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The EDCs of most concern, including estrone (E1), 17βup-estradiol (E2), 17αup-ethinylestradiol (EE2), estriol (E3), diethylstilbestrol (DES), estradiol valerate (EV), 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP), 4-nonylphenols (4-NP) and bisphenol A (BPA), were determined at concentrations of up to 2.98, 1.07, 2.67, 4.37, 2.52, 1.96, 89.52, 280.19 and 710.65 ng/L, respectively. Causality analysis, involving comparison of EEQ values from yeast assay and chemical analysis identified E2, EE2 and 4-NP as the main responsible compounds, accounting for the whole estrogenic activities (39.74% to 96.68%). The proposed approach using both chemical analysis and yeast assay could be used for the identification and evaluation of EDCs in source waters of China.     

Adsorptive removal of hydrophobic organic compounds by carbonaceous adsorbents: A comparative study of waste-polymer-based, coal-based activated carbon, and carbon nanotubes

Adsorption of the hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,3-dichlorobenzene (DCB), 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB) and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) on five different carbonaceous materials was compared. The adsorbents included three polymer-based activated carbons, one coal-based activated carbon (F400) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT). The polymerbased activated carbons were prepared using KOH activation from waste polymers: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) and tire rubber (TR). Compared with F400 and MWNT, activated carbons derived from PVC and PET exhibited fast adsorption kinetics and high adsorption capacity toward the HOCs, attributed to their extremely large hydrophobic surface area (2700 m²/g) and highly mesoporous structures. Adsorption of small-sized TCE was stronger on the tire-rubber-based carbon and F400 resulting from the pore-filling effect. In contrast, due to the molecular sieving effect, their adsorption on HCH was lower. MWNT exhibited the lowest adsorption capacity toward HOCs because of its low surface area and characteristic of aggregating in aqueous solution.     

Influence of soil type and genotype on Cd bioavailability and uptake by rice and implications for food safety

Cadmium (Cd) entering the human body via the food chain is of increasing concern. This study investigates the effects of soil type and genotype on variations in the Cd concentrations of different organs of nine rice plants grown on two types of soils with two Cd levels. Cd concentrations in nine rice cultivars varied significantly with genotype and soil type (P < 0.01). The Cd concentration was higher in red paddy soil (RP) than in yellow clayey paddy soil (YP). The average Cd concentrations of different organs in three rice types were indica > hybrid > japonica for the Cd treatments and controls. The polished grain concentration in YP and RP soils had a range of 0.055-0.23 mg/kg and 0.13-0.36 mg/kg in the Cd treatment, respectively. Two rice cultivars in YP soil and five rice cultivars in RP soil exceeded the concentration limits in the Chinese Food Hygiene Standard (0.2 mg/kg). The Cd concentrations in roots, stems, and leaves were all significantly and positively correlated to that in polished grain in a single test. The Cd concentrations in polished grain were positively and significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with the calculated transfer factors of stem to grain and leaf to grain Cd transfer. The results indicated that the variations of Cd concentration in grain were related to Cd uptake and the remobilization of Cd from stem and leaf to grain. Also, the cultivars with a strong tendency for Cd-accumulation should be avoided in paddy soil with low soil pH and low organic matter content to reduce the risks to human health from high Cd levels in rice.     

培养具有行业特色的环境工程专业研究

本文从有特色的环境工程专业构成要素出发,在知识体系构成、教学切入点等方面将相关专业的内涵共同与外沿问题渗透,修订专业培养方案,改革教学课程与实践,使专业培养的人才具有煤田、地质与环境特色,属于国家急需与紧缺型人才。     

郑州市环境空气细颗粒物浓度、组成及评价

对郑州市中心城区及开发区4个采样点的采暖季和非采暖季环境空气PM2.5浓度及其中的水溶性阴离子和重金属元含量进行了研究,并利用富集因子分析法对重金属元素进行了污染评价。结果显示,PM2.5日均浓度在非采暖季为美国环境空气质量标准值的2倍以上,采暖季在3倍以上,污染已经相当严重。水溶性阴离子的含量大小依次为F-相似文献   

合同能源管理的中国化与发展现状分析

合同能源管理是一种基于市场运作的节能激励机制,自引入中国以来,通过示范、引导和推广,服务范围已经扩展到工业、建筑、交通三大领域。十多年来,中国合同能源管理模式不断得到创新,国家政策的扶持力度越来越大,资金来源逐步多元化,有力地促进了节能服务产业的迅速发展,将成为"十二五"节能减排的新机遇。与此同时,合同能源管理业面临着融资难、激励机制不健全等问题。     

Construction of Circular Economy Industrial System

Abstract

It is difficult to realize the transformation from traditional economy industrial system to circular economy industrial system. Regarding primary raw materials as the indicators, the industrial system has been specified according to the divergence among the indicators and the circular utilization modes. In comparison with the association among industrial systems, the relationship among industrial sub-systems is named as industrial cross-linking in this paper. The industrial system which could completely utilize and recycle the indicators should be increased and strengthened, and the circular economy industrial system with complete industrial association and industrial cross-linking should also be constructed. Taking the development of circular agricultural system basing on the traditional agricultural system as an example, the traditional agricultural products are regarded as the indicators which have been divided into foodstuff and crop straws which are used to produce food and articles for use, like fertilizer, energy and papers etc. The way to construct the circular agricultural industrial system is to increase the industrial systems that could utilize the products generated from crop straws, feces and other castoffs and transform the wastewater and other trucks into environmental friendly products. It has also been pointed out that the construction of circular economy industrial system is conducive to the foundation of circular industrial economics and the establishment of the construction layout of circular economy and the application schemes. Suggestions to the theoretical and practical work of the next step have also been brought forward in this paper.