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971.
数字高程模型是进行地学研究的重要基础数据,SRTM、DEM是公众可以免费获取的精度达90m的DEM数据.以我国1:5万DEM为参考数据,以巢湖流域为研究区,利用高程中误差模型和单位面积土地填挖方对SRTM、DEM进行高程精度研究,并分析了高程误差的空间分异规律.结果表明,SRTM、DEM的高程中误差和单位面积土地填挖方随着地貌类型的变化呈现明显的空间分异性,这主要由于SRTM像元精度不高所致.在研究区内的33块样区中,绝大部分都是在二级精度评价标准之内,可见SRTM、DEM整体精度较高. 相似文献
972.
Prediction of total bed material load for rivers in Malaysia: A case study of Langat,Muda and Kurau Rivers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aminuddin Ab. Ghani H. Md. Azamathulla Chun Kiat Chang Nor Azazi Zakaria Zorkeflee Abu Hasan 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2011,11(3):307-318
A soft computational technique is applied to predict sediment loads in three Malaysian rivers. The feed forward-back propagated
(schemes) artificial neural network (ANNs) architecture is employed without any restriction to an extensive database compiled
from measurements in Langat, Muda, Kurau different rivers. The ANN method demonstrated a superior performance compared to
other traditional sediment-load methods. The coefficient of determination, 0.958 and the mean square error 0.0698 of the ANN
method are higher than those of the traditional method. The performance of the ANN method demonstrates its predictive capability
and the possibility of generalization of the modeling to nonlinear problems for river engineering applications. 相似文献
973.
Xue Song Wang Guang Chao Zhu Shu Jun Wang Wen Ya Wan Ye Bin Tan 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,177(1-4):263-272
The concentrations and chemical partitioning of heavy metals (Co, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Pb) in the marine near-shore sediment cores were investigated. Typically, the mean concentrations from Core B sediment samples were 98.6, 21.1, 47.0, 46.4, 107.6, and 31.9 mg kg???1 for Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb, respectively. The heavy metal concentrations were normalized to commonly used reference elements Al, Li, Sc, and total organic carbon. Based on Pearson coefficients, Li was found to be a good normalizer for Co (r?= 0.974), Cr (r?= 0.967), Ni (r?= 0.898), and Zn (r?= 0.929) in 80 sediment samples from three sampling sites. However, the correlation coefficients between Li and Cu, and Li and Pb were relatively low. Multivariate statistic approaches (Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis) were adopted for data treatment, allowing the identification of two main factors controlling the heavy metal variability in the sediments. Heavy metals in the enrichment sections were evaluated by a sequential extraction method for possible chemical forms in sediments. The results showed that the residual, Fe/Mn oxides and Organic/sulfide fractions were dominant geochemical phases in the enriched sections, indicating low bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments. 相似文献
974.
975.
Nitrogen contamination is a serious concern to sustainable environmental management, and one important source of nitrogen contaminant is due to wastewater treatment using onsite sewage treatment and disposal systems (OSTDS, a.k.a., septic systems). This paper presents a study in which numerical modeling is used to support sustainable decision-making and management of nitrogen contamination by utilizing a recently developed GIS-based software, VZMOD, a Vadose Zone MODel for simulating nitrogen transformation and transport in vadose zone between drainfield of septic systems and water table. VZMOD is based on a physical model of unsaturated flow and nitrogen transformation and transport, and the model is solved numerically using the finite element methods. This is the major difference between VZMOD and other GIS-based software of nitrogen modeling. Using GIS techniques, VZMOD considers spatial variability of a number of hydrogeologic parameters such as hydraulic conductivity and porosity. A unique feature of VZMOD is that VZMOD addresses spatial variability of water table by using VZMOD together with ArcNLET, an ArcGIS-based software developed to simulate groundwater flow and nitrate load from septic systems to surface water bodies. VZMOD is designed to execute in different modes to be compatible with different levels of data availability in various management projects of nitrogen contamination. This paper presents an application of VZMOD at a neighborhood with hundreds of septic systems and heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity, porosity, and water table depth. The modeling results indicate that using septic systems at the considered neighborhood is unsustainable and more management means are necessary. 相似文献
976.
中国耕地资源利用效益研究 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
本文认为耕地数量平衡质量下降的错位是当前我国耕地资源利用中存在的一个不可忽视的问题,文章选取了耕地产出效益系数,耕地消耗回报系数、耕地当局染替代系数、耕地利用集约化系数等指标,对我国现有耕地利用效益进行了定量分析,在此基础上,从观念更新,技术进步,财政投资、产权制度优化等角度,提出提高我国耕地资源利用效益的对策,以级解我国人地矛盾的压力。 相似文献
977.
978.
979.
通过对各行业工伤事故伤亡人数和损失后果的广泛调查,及其对不同行业和各类企业影响范围和程度的比较分析,全面识别工伤事故给企业经济效益导致的损失,并科学地评价了对行业生产发展的影响。 相似文献
980.
Ye Wen 《中国减灾(英文版)》2003,(3)
Typhoongenerallyalsocalledtropicalcycloneisformedovertropicaloceans,revolvingintensivelyrounditscentralaxesandmovingforwards.Theinternationalclassifiedstandardandnamesareasfollows:TD—TropicalDepression.ThewindforceatthecenterofTDisaboutscale 6~ 7;TS—TropicalStorm.ThewindforceatthecenterofTSisaboutscale 8~ 9;STS—SevereTropicalStorm.ThewindforceatthecenterofSTSisaboutscale 1 0~ 1 1;TY—TyphoonalsocalledHurricane.ThewindforceatthecenterofTYislargerthanscale1 2.Inthispaper,howeve… 相似文献