屋面雨水径流水质特性研究

选择南京市区3处不同类型屋面(沥青屋面、瓦屋面、混凝土屋面),对7场降雨径流事件进行了监测分析,重点探讨了屋面雨水径流中污染物的出流规律、事件平均浓度(EMC).结果表明,对于降雨量大、降雨强度大的降雨事件,初期污染物浓度较高,整个出流过程污染物浓度随降雨历时呈前高后低的变化趋势;对于降雨量小、降雨强度小的降雨事件污染物浓度没有明显降低趋势;降雨强度大、具有明显降雨峰值的降雨事件中污染物出流存在“二次冲刷”现象.EMC的计算结果表明,屋面径流TN,COD的污染严重,3种屋面的TN以及沥青、混凝土屋面COD超出了《地表水环境质量标准》V类标准限值,瓦屋面和沥青屋面的TP也超出了Ⅲ类标准限值;SS和TP浓度排序:瓦屋面＞沥青屋面＞混凝土屋面,COD,TN的浓度排序为:沥青屋面＞混凝土屋面＞瓦屋面;受屋面类型、降雨特性和当地大气状况的影响,本研究与国内外同类研究存在一定的差异.     

郑州市环境空气细颗粒物浓度、组成及评价

对郑州市中心城区及开发区4个采样点的采暖季和非采暖季环境空气PM2.5浓度及其中的水溶性阴离子和重金属元含量进行了研究,并利用富集因子分析法对重金属元素进行了污染评价。结果显示,PM2.5日均浓度在非采暖季为美国环境空气质量标准值的2倍以上,采暖季在3倍以上,污染已经相当严重。水溶性阴离子的含量大小依次为F-相似文献   

合同能源管理的中国化与发展现状分析

合同能源管理是一种基于市场运作的节能激励机制,自引入中国以来,通过示范、引导和推广,服务范围已经扩展到工业、建筑、交通三大领域。十多年来,中国合同能源管理模式不断得到创新,国家政策的扶持力度越来越大,资金来源逐步多元化,有力地促进了节能服务产业的迅速发展,将成为"十二五"节能减排的新机遇。与此同时,合同能源管理业面临着融资难、激励机制不健全等问题。     

不同交通状况下道路边大气颗粒物数浓度粒径分布特征

研究了不同交通状况下北京交通环境大气颗粒物数浓度的污染特征.应用扫描电迁移率颗粒粒径谱仪(SMPS)测定了2009年8月常规交通状况和2008年8月奥运交通状况下北四环道路边大气颗粒物的数浓度,分析了数浓度的粒径分布特征及其逐时变化规律,目的为辨析交通流改变对交通环境中颗粒物数浓度的影响.常规交通状况下道路边超细颗粒物(10～100nm)和10～478 nm颗粒物总粒数浓度分别为(1.15±0.49)×104个.cm-3、(1.61±0.57)×104个.cm-3,奥运交通状况下分别下降到(0.55±0.14)×104个.cm-3、(1.21±0.24)×104个.cm-3,不同粒径段中超细颗粒物数浓度降幅最高,为52.2%.常规交通状况下道路边大气中颗粒物粒数浓度呈双峰分布,峰值粒径依次为22.5 nm和113.0 nm.奥运期间由于机动车单双号限行和黄标车禁行等措施的实施,22.5 nm处颗粒物数浓度峰值消失.粒径分布逐时变化显示,常规交通状况下00:00～04:00柴油车流量高峰、11:00～13:00高温强光照和17:00～20:00交通晚高峰这3个时段内超细颗粒物数浓度较高;而奥运期间受到交通流量下降、平均车速提高等因素影响,道路边颗粒物数浓度粒径分布逐时变化趋于平缓.     

Construction of Circular Economy Industrial System

Abstract

It is difficult to realize the transformation from traditional economy industrial system to circular economy industrial system. Regarding primary raw materials as the indicators, the industrial system has been specified according to the divergence among the indicators and the circular utilization modes. In comparison with the association among industrial systems, the relationship among industrial sub-systems is named as industrial cross-linking in this paper. The industrial system which could completely utilize and recycle the indicators should be increased and strengthened, and the circular economy industrial system with complete industrial association and industrial cross-linking should also be constructed. Taking the development of circular agricultural system basing on the traditional agricultural system as an example, the traditional agricultural products are regarded as the indicators which have been divided into foodstuff and crop straws which are used to produce food and articles for use, like fertilizer, energy and papers etc. The way to construct the circular agricultural industrial system is to increase the industrial systems that could utilize the products generated from crop straws, feces and other castoffs and transform the wastewater and other trucks into environmental friendly products. It has also been pointed out that the construction of circular economy industrial system is conducive to the foundation of circular industrial economics and the establishment of the construction layout of circular economy and the application schemes. Suggestions to the theoretical and practical work of the next step have also been brought forward in this paper.     

拉萨市河坝林地区回族聚居区社会空间特征及其成因

城市民族社区研究在现代城市社会空间研究中占有重要地位。近年来,针对经济转型背景下中国大城市的社会空间研究很多,但对中小城市出现的跨族聚居区的研究尚不多见。在分析拉萨市多民族聚居区的演化特征的基础上,归纳了跨族聚居区的社会空间特征,包括社会阶层特征、流动性特征、社会网络特征、社会孤隔特征。最后,总结了这些特征形成的成因     

中部地区生态足迹的比较研究

通过计算中部6省1990~2009年的生态足迹,对中部地区生态经济现状与可持续发展潜力进行了系统的分析与比较。通过计算中部生态承载力,以分析各省生态赤字情况及可持续发展潜力。研究表明：中部各省生态足迹总量正快速增长,个别省份如山西省、河南省不仅生态足迹总量大且增长率也较高;同时山西省人均生态足迹远远高出平均水平;从生态需求结构看,山西省能源生态足迹占总比最大,占总生态足迹的85%,河南省其次,均迫切需要进行产业转型与技术改进。各省的生态赤字情况不同,其中河南省和山西省的生态赤字情况比较严重     

The spatial and temporal change of cropland in the Scandinavian Peninsula during 1875–1999

Land use and land cover change (LUCC) has emerged as an important issue of global change with significant influences on the geochemical cycle and regional climate change. Understanding the historical changes of land use and analyzing the environmental effects of LUCC make such reconstructions important. Based on historical statistics, this article reconstructs cropland area at the municipality level (härad/kommun) in the Scandinavian Peninsula during 1875–1999. The total acreage of cropland increased 36.84 % during 1875–1930, kept stable during 1930–1950, and decreased 14.25 % during 1950–1999. The croplands of Sweden and Norway both increased before 1950 and changed in different ways during 1950–1999 when the cropland decreased by 19.79 % in Sweden but increased by 9.63 % in Norway. The counties in the south Scandinavian Peninsula owned most of the cropland, with a cropland proportion of over 20 %, and experienced relatively obvious cropland changes. Growth centers with a rate of increase of over 5 % during 1875–1910 were found in Skåne, Stockholm, the Uppsala counties in Sweden, and the area around Oslo county in Norway. The general cropland distribution showed almost no change during this period, which mainly reflects the suitability of the natural conditions for agriculture. Multi-social factors co-impacted land use activities and induced temporal and spatial variations of the cropland. These factors included food supply, world trade, wars, agriculture policies, the economic and political environment, urbanization, and national differences. Compared with the widely used global land use dataset Historical Database of the Global Environment (HYDE), this study shows different cropland change curves before 1950. This article is a case study showing that the hindcasting model of the HYDE dataset has difficulty estimating multi-determined cropland change in the Scandinavian Peninsula, and the empirical study contributes to the improvement of the accuracy of historical land use data at the regional level.     

重庆三峡库区生态经济区县域经济发展空间差异分析

经济发展可决定一个地区资源配置的空间分布和发展格局,探究经济发展空间差异及影响因素可为区域发展规划、发展政策制定提供重要参考。以重庆三峡库区生态经济区县域为评价单元,建立经济发展水平指标体系,运用主成分分析法,计算各县域的经济发展水平综合得分值,将其划分为最高、较高、中等、较低和最低5个等级,进而运用多元变量回归分析探究经济发展空间差异的显著影响因素。研究表明：该区经济发展水平具有明显的空间差异性,总体趋势为自西向东逐渐降低。地形、区位及交通3者是造成经济发展空间差异的主要影响因素,在远离重庆主城区、海拔高、坡度大的山区,交通通达性已成为制约县域经济发展的瓶颈因素。因而,要缩小经济发展差距,促进各县域协调发展,应首要解决交通问题