Machine learning-based models for predicting gas breakthrough pressure of porous media with low/ultra-low permeability

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Gas breakthrough pressure is a significant parameter for the gas exploration and safety evaluation of engineering barrier systems in the carbon...     

Enhanced performance of alkali-modified Bi2WO6/Bi0.15Ti0.85O2 toward photocatalytic oxidation of HCHO under visible light

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Photocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) is considered as one of the promising ways to resolve indoor air HCHO pollution. TiO2 has been well...     

Computational modeling and analysis of thoracolumbar spine fractures in frontal crash reconstruction

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to reconstruct 11 motor vehicle crashes (6 with thoracolumbar fractures and 5 without thoracolumbar fractures) and analyze the fracture mechanism, fracture predictors, and associated parameters affecting thoracolumbar spine response.

Methods: Eleven frontal crashes were reconstructed with a finite element simplified vehicle model (SVM). The SVM was tuned to each case vehicle and the Total HUman Model for Safety (THUMS) Ver. 4.01 was scaled and positioned in a baseline configuration to mimic the documented precrash driver posture. The event data recorder crash pulse was applied as a boundary condition. For the 6 thoracolumbar fracture cases, 120 simulations to quantify uncertainty and response variation were performed using a Latin hypercube design of experiments (DOE) to vary seat track position, seatback angle, steering column angle, steering column position, and D-ring height. Vertebral loads and bending moments were analyzed, and lumbar spine indices (unadjusted and age-adjusted) were developed to quantify the combined loading effect. Maximum principal strain and stress data were collected in the vertebral cortical and trabecular bone. DOE data were fit to regression models to examine occupant positioning and thoracolumbar response correlations.

Results: Of the 11 cases, both the vertebral compression force and bending moment progressively increased from superior to inferior vertebrae. Two thoracic spine fracture cases had higher average compression force and bending moment across all thoracic vertebral levels, compared to 9 cases without thoracic spine fractures (force: 1,200.6 vs. 640.8 N; moment: 13.7 vs. 9.2?Nm). Though there was no apparent difference in bending moment at the L1–L2 vertebrae, lumbar fracture cases exhibited higher vertebral bending moments in L3–L4 (fracture/nonfracture: 45.7 vs. 33.8?Nm). The unadjusted lumbar spine index correctly predicted thoracolumbar fracture occurrence for 9 of the 11 cases (sensitivity?=?1.0; specificity?=?0.6). The age-adjusted lumbar spine index correctly predicted thoracolumbar fracture occurrence for 10 of the 11 cases (sensitivity?=?1.0; specificity?=?0.8). The age-adjusted principal stress in the trabecular bone was an excellent indicator of fracture occurrence (sensitivity?=?1.0; specificity?=?1.0). A rearward seat track position and reclined seatback increased the thoracic spine bending moment by 111–329%. A more reclined seatback increased the lumbar force and bending moment by 16–165% and 67–172%, respectively.

Conclusions: This study provided a computational framework for assessing thoracolumbar fractures and also quantified the effect of precrash driver posture on thoracolumbar response. Results aid in the evaluation of motor vehicle crash–induced vertebral fractures and the understanding of factors contributing to fracture risk.     

电动汽车充电桩现场安全问题的研究

国家为了更好地普及电动汽车,首先推进了公共停车位和充电桩的建设。本文依据充电桩的国家标准和能源局标准,对在役充电桩的现场安全问题进行剖析,为在役充电设施主管部门的监管提供理论支持,为充电设施产业的健康长远发展提供理论依据。     

“2020年后国际化学品与废物健全管理框架”磋商进展及我国应对建议

国际化学品管理大会第四届会议(Fourth of the International Conference of Chemicals Management,ICCM4)通过第IV/4决议,建议考虑2020年后化学品与废物健全管理工作安排,并决定启动闭会期间进程,就国际化学品管理战略方针(Strategic Approach To International Chemicals Management,SAICM)及2020年后化学品与废物健全管理工作制定建议。“2020年后国际化学品与废物健全管理”是当前国际化学品管理战略闭会期间历次磋商进程谈判的重点,了解该框架的谈判进展及各方主要观点将对我国参与国际谈判产生积极作用。本文系统梳理了闭会期间历次磋商进程的主要内容,并对2020年后化学品与废物健全管理新框架文件涉及的愿景、原则和方法、战略目标和指标、体制安排和实施机制、财政考虑、高级别政治承诺等主要国家立场态度进行了观点综述。为应对国际谈判,建议我国采取以下措施推进国际谈判：做好国内发展趋势研判,积极参与谈判进程;建立协调机制,调动利益攸关方的积极性;加强知识信息共享,提升化学品管理能力;充分利用高级别会议,提升政治层面对2020年后框架的重视程度。     

Characterization and adsorption capacity of modified 3D porous aerogel from grapefruit peels for removal of oils and organic solvents

With the rapid industrialization, especially offshore oil exploitation, frequent leakage incidents of oils/organic solvents have adversely affected ecological systems and environmental resources. Therefore, great interest has been shown in developing new materials to eliminate these organic pollutants, which have become worldwide problems. In this study, a cost-effective, environmentally friendly porous aerogel with three-dimensional (3D) structure was prepared from grapefruit peel by a facile hydrothermal method as the adsorbent of oils/organic solvents. The as-prepared modified grapefruit peel aerogel (M-GPA) showed mesoporous structure with high specific surface area of 36.42 m²/g and large pore volume of 0.0371 cm³/g. The excellent hydrophobicity of M-GPA with a water contact angle of 141.2° indicated a strong potential for adsorption of oils and organic solvents. The high adsorption capacity of M-GPA for a series of oils and organic solvents was 8 to 52 times as much as its own weight. Moreover, the M-GPA was easily regenerated and a high adsorption capacity recovery above 97% was maintained after five adsorption–regeneration cycles. Therefore, the M-GPA is a promising recyclable adsorbent for the removal of oils/organic solvents from polluted water.

     

三峡工程运行前后荆江三口水文情势的变化

基于1980～2015年荆江三口五站逐日流量数据,采用IHA指标体系分析度量三峡工程运行前后荆江三口水文情势的变化。除新江口和弥陀寺在枯水期1～3月有小幅增长外,三口各站点月均流量值均减小,汛期下降幅度较大。最大日流量值持续下降,但2003年后变化趋势相对平缓。沙道观和管家铺站断流天数显著上升,各站流量变化率明显降低。荆江三口水文情势变化受长江干流径流量减少、径流过程改变以及干流与口门河段河道冲淤不一致的共同影响,对长江中游四大家鱼种群以及洞庭湖苔草草洲的发展产生一定负面作用。     

军工危险性建筑物外部安全距离美国和我国标准对比分析

针对军工危险性建筑物外部安全距离确定时药量覆盖不全面、新产品无依据、厂房用地与城市发展用地矛盾等问题,对美国标准和我国标准中安全距离的分类、确定原则、确定方法进行了对比分析,提出了对我国标准修订的建议,为我国军工危险性建筑物外部安全距离标准的制修订提供借鉴。