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981.
有机肥的大量使用使得菜田土壤重金属含量呈快速的累积趋势,对蔬菜安全生产构成了严重的威胁.本文从长期施加鸡粪猪粪等农家肥的大棚蔬菜根际土壤中筛选出了一株能降解尿素释放碳酸根,进而通过生物矿化作用固结重金属的细菌,系统发育分析和生理生化特征表明该菌株为氧化木糖无色杆菌,将其命名为LAX2.菌株LAX2可在含尿素的培养基中快速生长,所产脲酶的活力可达140 U·m L~(-1),发酵液的pH可达9.06.菌株LAX2可耐受浓度高达115 mg·L~(-1)的铜离子.X-射线衍射分析(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱分析(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)分析表明菌株LAX2可通过生物矿化作用形成微球形的Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3,其直径可达2μm.菌体细胞吸附、生物矿化和化学沉淀对溶液中Cu~(2+)的去除率分别为93%、85%和72%.菌株LAX2对土壤中有效态Cu的固定作用呈现适应-快速-慢速3个阶段,培养5、10和30 d后土壤有效态Cu的含量分别下降了52.3%、73.7%和87.4%.与菌体细胞吸附和化学沉淀相比,生物矿化作用固定的Cu对短期内的淹水和反复冻融具有很强的抗性作用.以上结果表明菌株LAX2可通过生物成矿作用形成性质较稳定的碳酸铜矿物,在土壤铜污染修复方面具有重要的应用价值. 相似文献
982.
Zhongguo Zhang Dan Liu Yu Qian Yue Wu Peiran He Shuang Liang Xiaozheng Fu Jiding Li Changqing Ye 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(6):153-163
A submerged internal circulating membrane coagulation reactor(MCR) was used to treat surface water to produce drinking water. Polyaluminum chloride(PACl) was used as coagulant,and a hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) submerged hollow fiber microfiltration membrane was employed. The influences of trans-membrane pressure(TMP), zeta potential(ZP) of the suspended particles in raw water, and KMnO_4 dosing on water flux and the removal of turbidity and organic matter were systematically investigated. Continuous bench-scale experiments showed that the permeate quality of the MCR satisfied the requirement for a centralized water supply, according to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality of China(GB 5749-2006), as evaluated by turbidity(1 NTU) and total organic carbon(TOC)(5 mg/L)measurements. Besides water flux, the removal of turbidity, TOC and dissolved organic carbon(DOC) in the raw water also increased with increasing TMP in the range of 0.01–0.05 MPa. High ZP induced by PACl, such as 5–9 mV, led to an increase in the number of fine and total particles in the MCR, and consequently caused serious membrane fouling and high permeate turbidity.However, the removal of TOC and DOC increased with increasing ZP. A slightly positive ZP, such as 1–2 mV, corresponding to charge neutralization coagulation, was favorable for membrane fouling control. Moreover, dosing with KMnO_4 could further improve the removal of turbidity and DOC, thereby mitigating membrane fouling. The results are helpful for the application of the MCR in producing drinking water and also beneficial to the research and application of other coagulation and membrane separation hybrid processes. 相似文献
983.
文章分析了2014年台州市工业危险固废产生情况,介绍了该市现有危险固废处理设施的区域分布情况,同时对主要行业危险固废处理能力进行调查和分析.文章指出现有工业危险固废存在回收体系不完善、处置能力不均衡、二次污染问题日益突出、环境监管能力薄弱等问题,并针对性地提出增强人们环保意识和观念、完善环境保护相关法律法规、加大基础环保设施的投入、进一步加强管理能力、探索和创新更好的处理方式、引进国内外先进的处理方法等解决措施,以期科学合理处置工业危险固废. 相似文献
984.
The activated carbon injection-circulating fluidized bed (ACI-CFB)-bag filter coupling technique was studied in an iron ore sintering plant. For comparison, the removal efficiencies under the conditions without or with ACI technology were both evaluated. It was found that the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) removal efficiency for total international toxic equivalence quantity (I-TEQ) concentration was improved from 91.61% to 97.36% when ACI was employed, revealing that ACI was very conducive to further controlling the PCDD/F emissions. Detailed congener distributions of PCDD/Fs in the gas-phase and particle-phase of the Inlet and Outlet samples were determined. Additionally, the PCDD/F distribution for the Fly ash-with ACI sample of was also studied. 相似文献
985.
Liu Yang Ye Wu Jerry M. Davis Jiming Hao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(3):331-341
Particulate pollution was a critical challenge to the promise of good air quality during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, which
took place from August 8th to 24th. To ensure good air quality for the Games, several temporary emission control measures
were implemented in Beijing and surrounding areas. Ambient particulate matter concentration decreased significantly during
the Olympic period; however, it is difficult to distinguish the effectiveness of those control measures since meteorology
also affects ambient PM2.5 concentration. In this work, a multiple linear regression model based on continuous field monitoring at a roadside site was
conducted to evaluate the effects of meteorology and emission control measures on the reduction of PM2.5 during the 2008 Olympic Games. The hourly data set was divided into two time periods, the no control period, June 22nd to
July 4th, and the control period, July 28th to August 21st. The response variable was PM2.5 and the meteorology covariates used in the model were hourly temperature, dew point temperature, wind speed and precipitation.
Wind direction was not a significant predictor of PM2.5 levels in either the control or the no control period. Using the meteorologically-based regression coefficients from the
two time periods, meteorology was found to contribute to at least a 16% reduction in PM2.5 levels in the roadside microenvironment; while the pollution control measures contributed to at least a 43% reduction in
PM2.5 levels. 相似文献
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以城市污水处理厂二沉池污泥为研究对象,利用热碱处理工艺对其进行处理,研究污泥的最佳处理条件,分析静态实验对动态实验的指导作用。结果表明:静态实验处理条件下,污泥热碱处理的最佳初始pH、反应温度、反应时间分别为13、30℃、10 h;在最适条件下,COD溶出率、水相中的蛋白质和多糖浓度依次为61.53%、761.73 mg/L、649.85 mg/L;动态实验最佳反应时间为10 h,在此最佳条件下COD溶出率为75.77%、多糖浓度为842.34 mg/L,蛋白质浓度随着反应时间上下波动,总体破解效果高于静态实验。以上结果表明,污泥静态实验对动态实验具有现实指导作用,热碱联合具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
990.
利用2017~2019年夏、冬季天津市大气污染物监测和气象观测数据,基于天津气象铁塔垂直观测,针对大气垂直扩散条件对PM2.5和O3的影响进行研究.结果显示:近地面PM2.5浓度随高度的升高而下降,O3浓度则随高度的升高而上升,受大气垂直扩散条件的季节和日变化影响,冬季,地面与120m PM2.5质量浓度相关明显,与200m PM2.5质量浓度无明显相关.夏季,120m和200m PM2.5质量浓度相关系数为0.72,午后通常出现120m和200m PM2.5质量浓度高于地面的情况.夏季,不同高度O3浓度差异小于冬季,地面与120m高度O3浓度接近.以大气稳定度、逆温强度和气温递减率作为大气垂直扩散指标,对地面PM2.5和O3垂直分布具有指示作用.冬季,TKE与PM2.5质量浓度相关系数为到-0.65,夏季,TKE与ΔPM2.5相关系数为-0.39.夏、冬季TKE与地面O3浓度的相关系数分别为0.46和0.53,与ΔO3的相关系数分别为0.73和0.70.弱下沉运动对地面O3浓度影响较强,40m高度垂直运动速度与地面O3浓度的相关系数在冬、夏季分别为-0.54和-0.61.对冬季典型PM2.5重污染过程的分析发现,雾霾的生消维持和PM2.5浓度的变化与大气稳定度、气温垂直递减率和TKE的变化有直接关系.对夏季典型O3污染过程的分析发现,近地面的O3污染的形成与有利光化学反应的气象条件密切相关,同时,垂直向下输送和有利垂直扩散条件对O3污染的形成和爆发影响明显. 相似文献