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71.
脱水污泥等温干燥特性实验研究及回归分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用热重差热分析仪(DTG)对脱水污泥进行干燥实验,测定干燥参数和干燥条件对脱水污泥等温干燥特性的影响,研究了3个温度水平(85℃,100℃,120℃),5个空气流速(10mL/min,20mL/min,40mL/min,50mL/min,70mL/min)和3个升温速率(15℃/min,20℃/min,40℃/min)。结果表明,样品的干燥速率随着终温的升高、升温速率和空气流速的增大而加快。脱水污泥的干燥过程主要分为加速、恒速和降速3个阶段,且降速干燥段在整个干燥过程中所占的比例较大。其干燥数学模型符合Page方程,经拟合得到 。验证表明,拟合方程算得的MR值与实验结果比较接近。该模型方程可用于描述城市污水污泥的干燥。 相似文献
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Risk assessment on disinfection by-products of drinking water of different water sources and disinfection processes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The occurrences of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetics (HAAs) in the water supply in Beijing and Canada were investigated. The concentrations of THMs and HAAs in Beijing and Canada were below the maximum contaminant levels specified by the USEPA and WHO standards. The multi-pathway risk assessment (assessed through oral ingestion, dermal absorption and inhalation exposure to drinking water) was used to assess the cancer risk and the hazard index of THMs and HAAs from fifteen waterworks in Beijing, China and three treatment plants using different disinfection processes in Canada. Residents in Beijing and residents who were served by three treatment plants using different disinfection processes in Canada had a higher risk of cancer through oral ingestion than through the other two pathways. The cancer risk resulted from disinfection by-products (DBPs) was 8.50E-05(for males), 9.25E-05(for females) in Beijing, China, while it was 1.18E-04, 1.44E-04 in Canada. The risk was higher when water treatment plants used surface water source than when they used ground water source and mixture water source in Beijing. The risk showed different changes in three treatment plants using different disinfection processes in Canada. The lifetime cancer risk for THMs followed the order: Plant 2>Plant 1>Plant 3. And, the lifetime cancer risk for HAAs was: Plant 1>Plant 2>Plant 3. 相似文献
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采用文献调研法比较评价了膜生物反应器与传统生物工艺对垃圾渗滤液的处理效果。结果表明,渗滤液的水质特征(主要指COD)主要由渗滤液年龄决定,B/C值和渗滤液年龄对COD去除有重要影响。传统生物处理常采用多级组合工艺,渗滤液特性、工艺单元数、水力停留时间和有机负荷率等是影响COD去除的重要参数。近年来,MBR工艺的应用日益广泛,对于B/C值较低的老龄渗滤液,MBR工艺可获得更好的COD去除效果,也有利于废水的膜深度处理。 相似文献
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Plastics such as polyvinyl chlorides (PVC) are widely used in many indoor constructed environments; however, their unbound chemicals, such as di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalates (DEHP), can leach into the surrounding environment. This study focused on DEHP's effect on the central nervous system by determining the precise DEHP content in mice brain tissue after exposure to the chemical, to evaluate the specific exposure range. Primary neuronal-astrocyte co-culture systems were used as in vitro models for chemical hazard identification of DEHP. Oxidative stress was hypothesized as a probable mechanism involved, and therefore the total reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration was determined as a biomarker of oxidative stress. In addition, NeuriteTracer, a neurite tracing plugin with ImageJ, was used to develop an assay for neurotoxicity to provide quantitative measurements of neurological parameters, such as neuronal number, neuron count and neurite length, all of which could indicate neurotoxic effects. The results showed that with 1 nmol/L DEHP exposure, there was a significant increase in ROS concentrations, indicating that the neuronal-astrocyte cultures were injured due to exposure to DEHP. In response, astrocyte proliferation (gliosis) was initiated, serving as a mechanism to maintain a homeostatic environment for neurons and protect neurons from toxic chemicals. There is a need to assess the cumulative effects of DEHP in animals to evaluate the possible uotake and effects on the human neuronal system from exoosure to DEHP in the indoor environment. 相似文献
78.
Huirong Lin Chengsong Ye Lu Lv Clark Renjun Zheng Shenghua Zhang Lei Zheng Yidong Zhao Xin Yu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(8):1763-1768
A combined approach of physicochemical extraction and sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure(XANES) spectroscopy was applied to characterize the extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) of typical bacterial biofilms in this study. Physicochemical analysis showed variation of the contents of DNA,polysaccharide and protein in different fractions of EPS in different mediums. The sulfur K-edge XANES analysis yielded a variety of spectra.Spectral fitting of the XANES spectra utilizing a large set of model compounds showed that there was more reduced sulfur in both LB-EPS(loosely bound EPS) and TB-EPS(tightly bound EPS) of all the biofilms in LB medium than in R2 A medium. More oxidized sulfur was identified in LB-EPS than that in TB-EPS,suggesting different niches and physiological heterogeneity in the biofilms. Our results suggested that the sulfur K-edge XANES can be a useful tool to analyze the sulfur speciation in EPS of biofilms. 相似文献
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传统的污水除磷工艺通过排除剩余污泥或化学污泥达到除磷的目的,而磷化氢气体的发现,为污水除磷提供了新的途径。以磷化氢气体的形式将污水中的总磷排出系统,不仅能减少剩余污泥的排放,还能将磷化氢气体收集起来加以回收利用,可同时解决水体富营养化和磷资源匮乏的矛盾。本文首先总结了影响磷化氢气体产生的因素,并通过正交试验对密封的一体化生活污水反应器的工艺参数进行了优化,得出在铁投加量为100g、不进行预曝气时反应器收集到的磷化氢气体最多;然后通过研究磷化氢气体产生与污水总磷去除率的关系,得出提高磷化氢的释放速率将有助于提高生活污水的除磷效率;最后通过对正交试验前后系统中各种形态的磷进行物料衡算,分析了系统中磷的迁移转化途径。 相似文献