氚靶制备现场氚的辐射防护

氚靶制备过程中氚的辐射防护是整项工作能否顺利完成的关键之一,本文以一次氚靶制备为例,报道了氚靶制备现场氚的辐射防护。结果表明：在氚靶制备过程中,充氚手套箱、操作间和排放烟囱内的氚浓度均未达到操作现场设定的氚的管理值,本次制靶过程中外排氚量为6．78×10^9Bq;制靶期间操作间地面和工作台、仪表上氚表面污染最大值分别为23．20Bq／cm^2、1．85Bq／cm^2、11．53Bq／cm^2,均远低于GB18871—2002中规定的控制区表面放射性物质污染控制水平值;剂量监测间地面氚表面污染最大值为8．92Bq／cm^2,低于国家标准中对监督区表面氚污染的控制限值;操作人员休息间、剂量监测控制间和走廊地面氚表面污染最大值分别为15．28Bq／cm^2、3．35Bq／cm^2、14．05Bq／cm^2,低于国标中对非限制区表面氚污染的控制水平;本次充氚活动中现场工作人员所受的剂量在国家标准值以下,对公众造成的附加剂量远低于GB18871—2002中规定的限值。     

人类工效型背具的研究

从人类工效学和劳动生理学角度,对背具的肩带宽度、内背架设置等进行了实验研究和实用效果评价。对背具的设计原则和生物力学配置提出了建议和改进方法     

Bio-SR工艺去除硫化氢气体的研究

采用Bio-SR工艺,利用铁盐吸收与氧化亚铁硫杆菌的联合作用对H2S进行脱除实验。通过改进微生物的培养条件,减少了83.9%的沉淀量,一定程度上解决了挂膜后生物填料塔易堵塞的问题,保证了填料塔的连续运行。在实验选取工况下,硫化氢脱除率可达到98.4%以上,当吸收液中Fe3+浓度为5.5～6 g/L、H2S进气浓度为1 g/m3、通气量为0.08～0.12 m3/h时效果最佳,反应器可持续高效地运行。此外,对进气浓度、通气量与硫化氢去除率之间的相关性进行了进一步研究,其结果有利于反应器及运行参数的优化设计。     

CaCu3Ti4O12, an efficient catalyst for ibuprofen removal by activation of peroxymonosulfate under visible-light irradiation

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Contamination of waters by pharmaceuticals is a major health issue. Therefore, there is a need for efficient techniques to remove pharmaceutical pollutants. Here,...     

Computational modeling and analysis of thoracolumbar spine fractures in frontal crash reconstruction

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to reconstruct 11 motor vehicle crashes (6 with thoracolumbar fractures and 5 without thoracolumbar fractures) and analyze the fracture mechanism, fracture predictors, and associated parameters affecting thoracolumbar spine response.

Methods: Eleven frontal crashes were reconstructed with a finite element simplified vehicle model (SVM). The SVM was tuned to each case vehicle and the Total HUman Model for Safety (THUMS) Ver. 4.01 was scaled and positioned in a baseline configuration to mimic the documented precrash driver posture. The event data recorder crash pulse was applied as a boundary condition. For the 6 thoracolumbar fracture cases, 120 simulations to quantify uncertainty and response variation were performed using a Latin hypercube design of experiments (DOE) to vary seat track position, seatback angle, steering column angle, steering column position, and D-ring height. Vertebral loads and bending moments were analyzed, and lumbar spine indices (unadjusted and age-adjusted) were developed to quantify the combined loading effect. Maximum principal strain and stress data were collected in the vertebral cortical and trabecular bone. DOE data were fit to regression models to examine occupant positioning and thoracolumbar response correlations.

Results: Of the 11 cases, both the vertebral compression force and bending moment progressively increased from superior to inferior vertebrae. Two thoracic spine fracture cases had higher average compression force and bending moment across all thoracic vertebral levels, compared to 9 cases without thoracic spine fractures (force: 1,200.6 vs. 640.8 N; moment: 13.7 vs. 9.2?Nm). Though there was no apparent difference in bending moment at the L1–L2 vertebrae, lumbar fracture cases exhibited higher vertebral bending moments in L3–L4 (fracture/nonfracture: 45.7 vs. 33.8?Nm). The unadjusted lumbar spine index correctly predicted thoracolumbar fracture occurrence for 9 of the 11 cases (sensitivity?=?1.0; specificity?=?0.6). The age-adjusted lumbar spine index correctly predicted thoracolumbar fracture occurrence for 10 of the 11 cases (sensitivity?=?1.0; specificity?=?0.8). The age-adjusted principal stress in the trabecular bone was an excellent indicator of fracture occurrence (sensitivity?=?1.0; specificity?=?1.0). A rearward seat track position and reclined seatback increased the thoracic spine bending moment by 111–329%. A more reclined seatback increased the lumbar force and bending moment by 16–165% and 67–172%, respectively.

Conclusions: This study provided a computational framework for assessing thoracolumbar fractures and also quantified the effect of precrash driver posture on thoracolumbar response. Results aid in the evaluation of motor vehicle crash–induced vertebral fractures and the understanding of factors contributing to fracture risk.     

国内外可持续发展区域指标与实例研究

可持续发展指标体系可以用来衡量城市或区域发展与资源环境协调性。本文在文献调研的基础上,总结了国外可持续发展指标体系,并对国外发展指标与国内进行了对比,具体包括城市发展指标和环境可持续发展指标。可以对国内可持续发展指标评价研究提供参考依据。     

氧化木糖无色杆菌(Achromobacte rxylosoxidans)LAX2对Cu、Pb和Cd复合污染土壤的生物矿化修复研究

我国土壤重金属复合污染较为突出,是目前亟待解决的土壤环境问题之一.本文研究了一株氧化木糖无色杆菌LAX2对Cu、Pb和Cd共存体系的生物矿化作用及其复合污染土壤的矿化修复作用.结果表明,菌株LAX2的发酵液、无菌发酵液和菌体细胞对3种重金属的去除能力大小顺序均为Pb~(2+)Cd~(2+)Cu~(2+).X-射线衍射、扫描电镜、红外光谱和能谱分析表明,3种重金属共存时菌株LAX2发酵液可诱导形成PbCO_3和CdCO_3晶体,而Cu不能单独成矿,混合矿物晶体呈长杆状.菌株LAX2发酵液能够明显降低黑钙土和白浆土中Cu、Pb和Cd的有效态含量,矿化修复30 d后,黑钙土中Cu、Pb、Cd的有效态含量分别降低了48.0%、71.4%、62.8%,白浆土中Cu、Pb、Cd的有效态含量分别降低了42.0%、63.2%、53.6%;碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态含量明显增加,可交换态和有机物结合态含量明显降低.矿化修复后的土壤中重金属的浸出毒性随修复时间的增长而降低,黑钙土中Cu、Pb、Cd浸出量分别降低了90.3%、93.2%、92.8%,白浆土中Cu、Pb、Cd浸出量分别降低了82.5%、86.1%、84.3%.以上结果说明,菌株LAX2可通过碳酸盐矿化作用固定土壤中的复合重金属,且在相同条件下对黑钙土的修复效果好于白浆土.     

50Hz低频环境磁场对细胞增殖的影响及其机理探讨

本文以细胞株LO2(人肝细胞)和CHL(中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞)为研究对象，用50Hz正弦磁场以不同强度、不同时间作用于细胞。长时间作用后，2种细胞的增殖均受到抑制，但抑制程度与磁场作用量并非呈简单的线性关系；磁场短时间作用对细胞增殖无明显影响，但细胞膜的流动性变差，在磁场撤去后膜的流动性又有所恢复。这一现象说明，低频弱磁场引起宏观生物效应需要时间的积累。同时观察到磁场短时间作用导致的CHL细胞上表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的聚集，这可能是低频弱磁场引起宏观生物效应的一种机制。     

中国东海水体中多氯联苯的浓度及其组成特征

东海由于受到长江和闽浙沿岸工业污水输入以及电子垃圾处理场排放的影响,被认为是多氯联苯重污染区域。本研究利用"科学三号"科学考察船,于2012年10月执行的东海航次期间,从中国东海不同区域采集到11个表层水样,测定其中溶解态多氯联苯的浓度。中国东海水体中多氯联苯浓度为（0.59~1.68）ng/L,相比国内外海域,属于中低等水平。研究结果表明,海水多氯联苯浓度和盐度之间存在显著负相关性,说明沿岸河流冲淡水搬运的多氯联苯是东海水体中多氯联苯的重要来源;此外其组成以三氯,四氯和五氯为主,这与我国历史上多氯联苯的使用情况吻合。通过水体中不同氯代化合物浓度和对应K_OW理论浓度值的比较发现,两者之间整体吻合较好,表明化合物的物理化学属性是控制其在水体中浓度的重要因素。然而,东海近岸水体中六氯联苯污染程度略高于理论浓度值,这一潜在的污染来源可能和东海沿岸省市电子垃圾处理场有关。     

偶氮染料生物降解机理的研究

运用紫外光谱、液相色谱与质谱研究了偶氮染料的降解过程.通过紫外光谱分析,以酸性红B为底物测定了偶氮还原酶的酶活.以甲基红为底物,分析了偶氮染料的降解机理.提出并验证了在偶氮染料还原过程中,存在一个加氢的中间体.