铝胁迫下不同耐铝小麦品种活性氧代谢差异及与小麦耐铝性的关系

逆境条件下植物体内产生并累积活性氧从而破坏植物组织结构与功能,同时植物也可以通过改变活性氧代谢相关酶活性清除活性氧而减轻活性氧伤害以适应环境胁迫。为研究铝胁迫下不同耐铝小麦品种（TriticumaestivumL．）在活性氧代谢上的差异及与小麦耐铝性的关系,本试验选用小麦品种ET8（耐铝型）、ES8（铝敏感型）为试验材料研究了不同耐铝小麦品种活性氧代谢变化上的差异。结果表明,50μmol·L-1铝处理24h,ET8和ES8活性氧含量显著升高,O2产生速率增幅分别为10．5％和20．4％,H202含量增幅分别为3．3％和7．6％。ET8和ES8超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性增幅分别为11．9％和41．6％,过氧化物酶（POD）活性增幅为51．8％和77．8％,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性增幅为54．4％和29．1％,过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性增幅为32．9％和38．4％,谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性增幅为83．1％和85．5％。虽然抗氧化酶活性增加后会清除一部分活性氧,但活性氧的累积仍然造成了膜脂的过氧化,ET8和ES8丙二醛（MDA）含量分别增加18．2％和50．0％,质膜透性也随着MDA含量的升高而增加,增幅分别为1．25倍和1．36倍。综上所述,不同耐铝品种间活性氧代谢的差异是小麦品种耐铝性差异显著的原因之一。     

北京城区屋面径流中PAHs的污染特征与来源解析

以北京典型城区屋面径流中的PAHs为研究对象,在2008年雨季采集了不同地点的屋面径流,分析了溶解相和颗粒相PAHs的质量浓度,对屋面径流中PAHs的质量浓度特征、时空变化规律及来源进行了讨论。结果表明,屋面径流具有较严重的PAHs污染,16种PAHs在溶解相中的总质量浓度为563.85~937.01 ng.L-1,来源主要是机动车排放（31.9%）、煤燃烧（39.6%）、天然气燃烧（15.3%）及石油类的挥发（14.2%）;在颗粒相中的总质量浓度为844.48~1372.62 ng.L-1,来源主要包括燃煤（51.8%）、汽油（38.1%）和柴油（10.1%）的燃烧等。BaP的EMC平均值（172 ng.L-1）远远超过我国污水排放标准（30 ng.L-1）,且以颗粒相为主。不同地点采集的屋面径流中的PAHs质量浓度大部分表现出较明显的初期效应和时间变化,而在不同采样点之间则没有明显的空间差异。     

典型设施农业土壤酞酸酯污染特征及其健康风险

采用超声提取、气相色谱-质谱技术和CalTOX模型,分析了南京城郊典型设施菜地土壤中6种酞酸酯的污染特征、污染负荷及其健康风险.结果表明,所有的土壤样品中均检测出酞酸酯,6种酞酸酯的总量为0.15~9.68mg/kg,其平均含量为2.21mg/kg;邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DnBP)、邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DnOP)为该地区设施农业土壤的主要酞酸酯种类,其检出率分别为88.2%、100%和79.8%,含量范围分别在n.d.~1.83、0.02~9.03、n.d.~1.74mg/kg之间;土壤pH值和有机碳含量与土壤酞酸酯含量之间无显著相关性,研究区域土壤酞酸酯总体污染负荷为4.31kg/hm2;健康风险评价结果表明DnBP和DEHP的潜在健康风险较高,设施农业从业者的主要暴露途径通过皮肤接触;设施菜地土壤酞酸酯含量、污染负荷以及健康风险均显著高于周边地区露天菜地土壤.     

阳离子表面活性剂与石灰联合调理对污泥脱水性能的影响

以污泥比阻(SRF)、污泥毛细吸水时间(CST)和脱水率为评价指标,研究了两种阳离子表面活性剂(A:松香基双-三甲基氯化铵、B:乙撑基双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵)与石灰联合调理对剩余污泥脱水性能的影响.结果表明:(1)两种表面活性剂与石灰联合调理均能产生良好的协同作用,当表面活性剂A、B的投量分别为9 g/100 g干基污泥(DS),石灰投量为15 g/100 g DS时,污泥SRF分别降低为原泥的17.7%和23.0%;污泥CST降至52.3 s和70.5 s,脱水率分别达到了86.9%和84.2%,明显改善了污泥脱水性能;(2)表面活性剂和石灰联合调理对污泥絮体及胞外聚合物产生明显的影响,随着投加量的增加,使得污泥滤液中蛋白质及多糖含量呈增加趋势,联合调理改善了污泥脱水性能.     

High Cd and Pb in Chinese cabbage: how to safely eat vegetables from metal-contaminated agricultural soil

Trace-element contamination poses a serious threat to China's ecology, environment, food safety, and human health. Human exposure to potentially toxic trace elements is predominantly attributed to the consumption of vegetables, especially leafy vegetables, grown on metal-contaminated soil. In the present study, the concentrations of Cd in Chinese cabbage were found to decrease at an exponential rate from the outermost layer to the inner core, while there was a small change in Pb content from the 1st to the 16th layer of the plant, suddenly decreasing at the 17th layer. Although there was a little difference between the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) and the mean Cd content in the plant, from the 1st layer to the 10th layer in the edible part of Chinese cabbage, Cd concentrations were 1.1–2.5 times higher than the MPC. The Pb concentration in the whole plant was 1.9 times higher than the MPC, while the 17th layer to the 25th layer of Chinese cabbage was safe for consumption. Health risk assessment indicated that the surface layer of Chinese cabbage might cause harm to human health, especially to children, in view of cancer risk and non-cancer risk.     

A new procedure combining GC-MS with accelerated solvent extraction for the analysis of phthalic acid esters in contaminated soils

An optimized procedure based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) is developed for the analysis of six phthalic acid esters (PAEs), which are priority soil pollutants nominated by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Quantification of PAEs in soil employs ultrasonic extraction (UE) (USEPA 3550) and ASE (USEPA 3545), followed by clean up procedures involving three different chromatography columns and two combined elution methods. GC-MS conditions under selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode are described and quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) criteria with high accuracy and sensitivity for target analytes were achieved. Method reliability is assured with the use of an isotopically labeled PAE, di-n-butyl phthalate-d4 (DnBP-D4), as a surrogate, and benzyl benzoate (BB) as an internal standard, and with the analysis of certified reference materials (CRM). QA/QC for the developed procedure was tested in four PAE-spiked soils and one PAE-contaminated soil. The four spiked soils were originated from typical Chinese agricultural fields and the contaminated soil was obtained from an electronic waste dismantling area. Instrument detection limits (IDLs) for the six PAEs ranged 0.10–0.31 μg·L^-1 and method detection limits (MDLs) of the four spiked soils varied from a range of 20–70 μg·kg^-1 to a range of 90– 290 μg·kg^-1. Linearity of response between 20 μg·L^-1 and 2 mg·L^-1 was also established and the correlation coefficients (R) were all>0.998. Spiked soil matrix showed relative recovery rates between 75 and 120% for the six target compounds and about 93% for the surrogate substance. The developed procedure is anticipated to be highly applicable for field surveys of soil PAE pollution in China.     

3×300t转炉二次除尘系统改造工程

宝钢股份公司第一炼钢厂除尘系统扩容改造项目中,风量为300万m3/h的转炉二次脉冲布袋除尘器是目前国内冶金行业最大的布袋除尘器改造工程。针对除尘工艺流程、主要设备参数、系统技术优势以及实际运行效果进行了叙述,项目投产后运行良好,车间环境得到有效的改善,烟气排放达标。     

福建三钢气烧石灰窑烟气除尘技术

总结了气烧石灰窑烟气除尘的3种技术方案及使用效果,并重点推出了一项达到欧洲排放标准的烟气除尘新技术。     

邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸单乙基己基酯(MEHP)长期暴露对海洋青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)内分泌干扰效应的评价

为探讨邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸单乙基己基酯(MEHP)长期暴露对海水生物的内分泌干扰效应及机制,将孵化后1周的海洋青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)分别暴露于DEHP(0.1 mg·L-1和0.5 mg·L-1)和MEHP(0.1 mg·L-1和0.5 mg·L-1)6个月。结果显示:DEHP显著增加了雌性和雄性海洋青鳉的肝指数,而MEHP只在高剂量时显著增加雄性青鳉的肝指数。对于雌性青鳉,DEHP暴露后肝脏雌激素相关基因ERα、ERβ、ERγ、VTG1、VTG2、ChgH和ChgL的表达水平显著上调,而对于雄性青鳉,DEHP暴露后,只有肝脏ERβ的表达水平显著上调。相比之下,MEHP暴露对雌性和雄性青鳉肝VTG和Chg基因表达无显著影响。DEHP激活了雌性和雄性青鳉的肝过氧化物增殖激活受体PPARα和PPARγ,而MEHP只在低剂量时上调了雄性青鳉PPARγ的表达。在雌性和雄性青鳉体内,VTG和Chg的表达与ERα和ERγ的表达显著相关,并且ER与PPAR也显著相关。研究表明,DEHP长期暴露可通过激活肝性激素受体调控肝雌激素响应基因(VTG和Chg)和过氧化物增殖激活受体(PPARα和PPARγ)的表达而对海洋青鳉产生内分泌干扰效应,并且显示出性别特异性。MEHP对海洋青鳉的内分泌干扰效应弱于DEHP。     

鞋类保暖性能研究

本文采用鞋类保暖性能的测试方法,测定不同帮面材料、不同鞋底材料对鞋类保暖性能的影响,对于不同的测试对象探索相同环境下的测试结果,从而为企业生产提供一定的科学指导。