Non-biodegradable landfill leachate treatment by combined process of agitation,coagulation, SBR and filtration

This study describes the complete treatment of non-biodegradable landfill leachate by combined treatment processes. The processes consist of agitation as a novel stripping method used to overcome the ammonia toxicity regarding aerobic microorganisms. The NH₃-N removal ratio was 93.9% obtained at pH 11.5 and a gradient velocity (G) 150 s^?1 within a five-hour agitation time. By poly ferric sulphate (PFS) coagulation followed the agitation process; chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD₅) were removed at 70.6% and 49.4%, respectively at an optimum dose of 1200 mg L^?1 at pH 5.0. The biodegradable ratio BOD₅/COD was improved from 0.18 to 0.31 during pretreatment step by agitation and PFS coagulation. Thereafter, the effluent was diluted with sewage at a different ratio before it was subjected to sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treatment. Up to 93.3% BOD₅, 95.5% COD and 98.1% NH₃-N removal were achieved by SBR operated under anoxic–aerobic–anoxic conditions. The filtration process was carried out using sand and carbon as a dual filter media as polishing process. The final effluent concentration of COD, BOD₅, suspended solid (SS), NH₃-N and total organic carbon (TOC) were 72.4 mg L^?1, 22.8 mg L^?1, 24.2 mg L^?1, 18.4 mg L^?1 and 50.8 mg L^?1 respectively, which met the discharge standard. The results indicated that a combined process of agitation-coagulation-SBR and filtration effectively eliminated pollutant loading from landfill leachate.     

生物强化技术及其在水污染治理中的应用

文章主要介绍了生物强化技术在国内外的研究进展,包括了直接作用、共代谢作用以及基因水平转移作用等三个作用机理;从自然环境筛选、构建基因工程菌、直接购买商业茵剂等三个菌株来源及其生物强化技术在治理高浓度有机废水、脱氮除磷、改善系统污泥特性、降低污泥产量等水污染治理中的应用现状,并对实际应用效果进行评价,对其中的主要控制参数和应用失败的原因也进行了探索,并提出了生物强化技术的展望.生物强化系统在应用上表现出了很好的应用前景,是生化处理今后的研究重点与方向之一.     

牡丹江西阁至柴河大桥江段水环境总量及其分配优化方案研究

牡丹江流域西阁至柴河大桥70公里江段是牡丹江市区、宁安市、海林市3个重要控制单元所在地,也是牡丹江流域水质较差的江段,研究此江段各排污口COD、氨氮总量分配方案具有重要意义。通过对牡丹江西阁至柴河大桥江段排污口分布及排污情况调查,建立该江段COD、氨氮输入-响应模型,该模型充分考虑了河网、水下地形、冰盖的影响,并进行预测,对沿江排污口总量进行分配及治理方案优化设计,对治理方案进行可行性分析,为牡丹江总量分配和环境管理提供依据。     

Observed levels and trends of gaseous SO2 and HNO3 at Mt. Waliguan, China: Results from 1997 to 2009

Long-term measurements of SO2 and HNO3,particularly those from the background sites,are rarely reported.We present for the first time the long-term measurements of SO2 and HNO3 at Waliguan(WLG),the only global baseline station in the back-land of the Eurasian Continent.The concentrations of SO2 and HNO3 were observed at WLG from 1997 to 2009.The observed annual mean concentrations of SO2 and HNO3 at WLG were 1.28±0.41 and 0.22±0.19μg/m3,respectively.The HNO3 concentrations were much higher in warmer seasons than in colder seasons,while the SO2 concentrations showed a nearly reversed seasonal pattern.In most months,the concentration of HNO3 was significantly correlated with that of SO2,suggesting that some common factors influence the variations of both gases and the precursors of HNO3 may partially be from the SO2-emitting sources.The SO2 concentration had a very significant(P < 0.0001) decreasing trend(-0.2μg/(m3·yr)) in 1997-2002,but a significant(P < 0.05) increasing trend(+0.06 μg/(m 3 ·yr)) in 2003-2009.The HNO3 concentration showed no statistically significant trend during 1997-2009.While the decrease of SO2 in 1997-2002 agrees with the trend of global SO2 emissions,the increase in 2003-2009 is not consistent with the decreasing trends in many other regions over the world.Trajectory analysis suggests that the airmasses from the northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Takla Makan Desert regions contributed significantly to the increasing trends of SO2 and HNO3 at WLG in 2003-2009,with a rate of +0.13μg/(m3·yr) and +0.007μg/(m3·yr),respectively.     

攀钢六号烧结烟气脱硫树脂脱盐工艺参数优化研究

针对攀钢六号烧结烟气脱硫树脂脱盐工艺中存在的脱氯效率低、脱硫剂夹带损耗严重的现状,在现场开展了树脂脱盐工艺参数的优化研究工作。通过对树脂脱盐各步骤工艺参数的优化改进,有效地提高了树脂脱盐的脱氯效率及降低了脱硫剂损耗,为脱硫系统的高效、稳定运行奠定了基础。     

夏季北极地区表层水中持久性有机污染物浓度水平分析

持久性有机污染物可以通过大气、洋流等各种长距离传输途径进入北极地区,其中有机氯农药和多氯联苯对生态环境影响持久。采集夏季北极不同纬度地区的环境水样,并对北极地区表层水中这两类物质进行分析,以揭示北极地区表层水体中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的浓度水平。结果表明,所有水样均未检出多氯联苯;部分有机氯农药有检出,但处于极低的浓度水平,远低于国内外饮用水标准限值。     

废弃线路板机械分离物中Ag、Pd分布特征研究

针对废弃线路板机械破碎分离产物中贵金属分布特征不明确的现状,以废弃手机和电脑主板为原材料,研究了分离产物中银(Ag)、钯(Pd)的分布规律。结果表明,经机械破碎分离后,Ag在手机和电脑主板金属分离物中的分配率为98.3%、97.6%,在非金属分离物中的分布为1.68%、2.45%,Pd在2类主板的金属分离物中的分配率均为100%。不同破碎颗粒中,Ag在手机主板金属分离物小颗粒(0.12 mm<Ф<0.85 mm)与大颗粒(Ф>0.85 mm)中的分配率为71.7%、26.6%,电脑主板相应为62.7%、34.7%;Pd在手机主板金属分离物2类颗粒中为52.6%、47.5%,电脑主板相应为44.8%、55.2%。在机械破碎过程中,板卡的外层铜箔容易成为小颗粒,而内层铜箔大部分形成大颗粒。物料平衡研究显示,Ag、Pd的回收率分别为96.5%～97.1%、97.3%～98.4%。     

适应性环境管理模式在大型赛事筹备中的应用（下）——应用实例

将适应性环境管理的模式应用于深圳第26届世界大学生夏季运动会生态环境保障工作,对生态环境保障总目标层层分解落实,由第三方评估机构对任务逐项跟踪管理,定期评估各部门绩效,根据外部条件和内部因素的变化对工作方案和阶段性目标进行动态调整,最大限度地降低了环境管理工作的不确定性。经过六个月的实践应用,大运赛事期间深圳市生态环境保障工作取得了十分显著的成效。     

近地面层湍流通量输送相似性及相干结构特征

利用2018年广东省环珠江口气候环境与空气质量变化野外科学观测研究站70 m气象塔上涡动协方差系统连续观测资料,对不同大气稳定度条件下近地面层相干结构的统计特征及其对湍流通量相似性的影响进行了初步研究.结果表明：(1)无量纲风速标准差(稳定、不稳定)和气温标准差(不稳定)遵循莫宁-奥布霍夫相似理论;(2)湍流速度(u、v、w)谱、温度(T)谱、CO₂和H₂O浓度谱在惯性副区均满足-2/3定律.w-T协谱、垂直速度(w)与标量(CO₂、H₂O)浓度的协谱(w-CO₂、w-H₂O)在惯性副区遵循-4/3定律;(3)不稳定条件下,热力湍流对H₂O和CO₂标量具有很好的输送作用,而以动量通量输送为代表的机械作用在弱不稳定条件下对H₂O和CO₂的输送效果最好;(4)上冲和下扫运动对湍流通量输送起主导作用,且随湍涡尺度的变化略有差异,湍流通量输送对大气层结的依赖性较弱.     

Measurement of atmospheric nanoparticles: Bridging the gap between gas-phase molecules and larger particles

Atmospheric nanoparticles are crucial components contributing to fine particulate matter(PM2.5), and therefore have significant effects on visibility, climate, and human health. Due to the unique role of atmospheric nanoparticles during the evolution process from gas-phase molecules to larger particles, a number of sophisticated experimental techniques have been developed and employed for online monitoring and characterization of the physical and chemical properties of atmospheric nanoparticles,...