邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)与卵清白蛋白(OVA)联合染毒对小鼠肺脏和脾脏组织氧化应激的作用

为研究邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutylphthalate,DBP)单独染毒及与卵清白蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)联合染毒对小鼠肺脏和脾脏组织氧化应激的作用,将BALB/c小鼠随机分为8组:(1)未处理对照组(生理盐水组);(2)0.5mg·kg-1DBP染毒组;(3)5.0mg·kg-1DBP染毒组;(4)50mg·kg-1DBP染毒组;(5)1.67mg·kg-1OVA单独染毒组;(6)0.5mg·kg-1DBP与1.67mg·kg-1OVA联合染毒组;(7)5.0mg·kg-1DBP与1.67mg·kg-1OVA联合染毒组;(8)50mg·kg-1DBP与1.67mg·kg-1OVA联合染毒组。未处理对照组和DBP染毒组每天按体质量给予生理盐水和DBP灌胃。2周后,测定肺脏组织活性氧物种(ROS)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量以及脾脏组织ROS、GSH含量。结果显示,联合染毒组相较于其他组的肺脏组织各指标均有不同的显著性差异(P<0.05),联合染毒组的脾脏组织中ROS含量较其他组有显著差异(P<0.05),而GSH含量无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结果说明,DBP与OVA联合染毒能够增强肺脏组织的氧化应激作用,对于脾脏组织的氧化应激作用不明显;DBP在联合染毒中显示一定免疫佐剂效应。     

Impact of gasoline engine deposits on light duty vehicle emissions: in-use case study in Beijing, China

Tailpipe emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles usually deteriorate over time. The accumulation of engine deposits due to inadequate gasoline detergency is considered to be one of the major causes of such emission deterioration. Six in-use light-duty gasoline vehicles in Beijing were tested to investigate the impact of engine deposits on emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NO _x ). Emissions under cold start and hot running test conditions from the six light duty vehicles were measured before and after engine deposits were removed. Results show that although individual vehicles reacted differently for each of the pollutants, elimination of engine deposits on average reduced HC emissions under hot running conditions by 29.4%, CO emissions under cold start conditions by 23.0% and CO emissions under hot running conditions by 35.5% (t < 0.05 in all cases). No pollutant emissions increased with statistical significance (t < 0.05) after the removal of engine deposits. Variations of emission changes upon removal of engine deposits were observed. Such variations are in line with previous studies, implying that the impact patterns of engine deposits on vehicle emissions may be subject to many influencing factors that are not fully understood and difficult to control under all conditions. A statistical view of the impact of engine deposits on vehicle emissions may be appropriate for evaluation of emissions reductions across a city or a country. It is necessary to maintain sufficient and effective gasoline fuel detergency in practice to keep the engines clean and in turn reduce vehicle emissions.     

我国钢铁行业二恶英污染防治技术研究

钢铁行业(烧结和电炉炼钢)是我国二恶英减排优先重点控制的行业之一。简要介绍了二恶英的理化性质、危害性、生成机理及必备条件,结合烧结过程和电炉炼钢过程二恶英的产生成因,从工艺过程污染预防技术和污染治理技术两方面探讨二恶英减排途径。     

辽宁本溪大气颗粒物浓度特征

利用本溪大气成分监测站2008年3月至2009年2月大气颗粒物监测仪GRIMM180的连续监测资料,对该地区大气颗粒物的质量浓度变化、谱分布特征以及大气颗粒物与气象因素的关系进行分析研究.结果表明,本溪PM10和PM2.5平均质量浓度分别为0.086 mg.m-3和0.058 mg.m-3,其日平均质量浓度变化幅度较大;冬季和夏季质量浓度日变化均呈现明显的双峰双谷特征;数浓度谱分布较好地符合Junge分布;PM10日平均值超标率为8.7%,且大气颗粒物主要是以细粒子的形式存在;随风速的增大大气颗粒物质量浓度基本呈现逐渐减小的趋势,当风速〉0.6 m.s-1时,大气颗粒物质量浓度随风速增大下降明显,风速〉3.0 m.s-1时,下降的趋势减缓;降水过程对大气颗粒物有清除作用,其中对粗粒子的清除效果非常明显.     

Recovery of Pd as PdO from Pd/SiO2 catalyst by leaching using hydrochloric acid

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The recovery of Pd from spent catalysts has been gaining attention due to its high economic value and limited availability in nature. To recover...     

普及科学知识提高防灾意识--厦门市地球科学普及教育基地

福建省厦门市地球科学普及教育基地由厦门市地震局、厦门市地震学会主办.其宗旨是普及地球科学知识和防震减灾常识,实行免费、全年向社会开放.采取科学性、知识性、趣味性、参与性相结合的工作方针.作为面向社会、面向中小学生的"弘扬科学精神、宣传科学思想、传授科学知识"的教育基地、社会实践基地及第二课堂,厦门市地球科学普及教育基地自1998年开办以来,接待了本市学生、干部、居民以及兄弟省市的学习参观者,以及新西兰、美国和台湾学者约3万人次;组织地球科学夏令营41次;举办科普讲座约250-300场,接受科普教育人数约四五万人.赠送科普材料、图册约6万份(册).     

毛细管气相色谱法测定水中有机磷

用HP-5毛细管柱分离敌敌畏、乐果、甲基对硫磷、马拉硫磷、对硫磷,6min内5个物质分离完全,方法检出限可达到10^10-10^11g,相对标准偏差为1．12％-4．49％,加标回收率达到98％-103％。     

Fenton氧化+气浮+厌氧+好氧工艺处理仲丁灵农药生产废水

采用Fenton氧化+气浮对仲丁灵农药生产废水进行预处理后,ρ(COD)<6 000 mg/L,色度<1 500倍,废水的可生化性大大提高。经过预处理后的生产废水与厂区生活污水混合后进入水解酸化+曝气生物滤池进行生化处理,处理后出水各项水质指标可达GB8978-1996《国家污水综合排放标准》一级标准。     

酸性矿山废水治理过程中产生二次污染的研究

在易氧化的硫化物矿物尾矿上叠加生活污水或乙酰丙酮等阻断尾矿向酸性矿山废水转移过程中,引发了硫化物矿物氧化产生的还原性硫与有机污水中一些水溶性有机物以及乙酰丙酮的作用,生成以CS_2为主的新的二次污染物.     

高浓度硫酸盐核黄素生产废水处理的应用研究

介绍了硫酸盐还原+生物脱硫+气浮+UASB+CASS工艺处理高硫酸盐核黄素生产废水的应用实例。对设计工艺流程、主要参数、调试与运行情况以及处理效果作了说明。该组合工艺对核黄素生产废水中的COD、SO24-具有很好的去除效果,出水各指标达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》三级标准。