脱氮硫杆菌自养反硝化及其影响因素研究进展

简要回顾了近几十年来利用脱氮硫杆菌进行自养反硝化及其影响因素方面的研究成果,阐述了接种脱氮硫杆菌的自养反硝化系统的应用范围和主要影响因素的研究现状。其中对一些与自养反硝化应用及其影响因素相关的重要问题、近年来研究的热点问题,如硫磺颗粒粒径影响、硫磺/石灰石的体积比、进水硫化物/硝酸盐的摩尔比、水力停留时间、有毒物质的影响以及脱氮动力学模型的建立进行了重点分析。指出了利用脱氮硫杆菌进行自养反硝化目前存在的一些技术方面的问题及其解决途径,并对其今后的发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望。     

钢铁酸洗废水深度净化回用工程研究

以钢铁酸洗废水为研究对像,研究一种基于微波催化纳米气泡氧化的工艺技术,对废水进行深度净化回用,其特征是:使废水中水、铁、酸有效分离,各自回用,全系统近乎零排放。     

镜泊湖水环境容量与水污染防治对策研究

随着镜泊湖旅游业快速发展,环境压力指数化增加长,环境保护面临着巨大的挑战。针对镜泊湖水环境污染严重的状况,在水质现状评价的基础上,计算了镜泊湖高锰酸盐指数和总磷两项指标的水环境容量值,并对计算结果进行了分析。在水环境容量计算结果的基础上,结合实际情况提出了镜泊湖流域水环境保护的措施和建议,为合理有效地利用水环境容量资源和区域可持续发展提供理论支撑和对策。     

Assessment of source water contamination by estrogenic disrupting compounds in China

Detection of estrogenic disrupting compounds (EDCs) in drinking waters around China has led to rising concerns about health risks associated with these compounds. There is, however, a paucity of studies on the occurrence and identification of the main compounds responsible for this pollution in the source waters. To fill this void, we screened estrogenic activities of 23 source water samples from six main river systems in China, using a recombinant two-hybrid yeast assay. All sample extracts induced significant estrogenic activity, with E2 equivalents (EEQ) of raw water ranging from 0.08 to 2.40 ng/L. Additionally, 16 samples were selected for chemical analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The EDCs of most concern, including estrone (E1), 17βup-estradiol (E2), 17αup-ethinylestradiol (EE2), estriol (E3), diethylstilbestrol (DES), estradiol valerate (EV), 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP), 4-nonylphenols (4-NP) and bisphenol A (BPA), were determined at concentrations of up to 2.98, 1.07, 2.67, 4.37, 2.52, 1.96, 89.52, 280.19 and 710.65 ng/L, respectively. Causality analysis, involving comparison of EEQ values from yeast assay and chemical analysis identified E2, EE2 and 4-NP as the main responsible compounds, accounting for the whole estrogenic activities (39.74% to 96.68%). The proposed approach using both chemical analysis and yeast assay could be used for the identification and evaluation of EDCs in source waters of China.     

Influence of soil type and genotype on Cd bioavailability and uptake by rice and implications for food safety

Cadmium (Cd) entering the human body via the food chain is of increasing concern. This study investigates the effects of soil type and genotype on variations in the Cd concentrations of different organs of nine rice plants grown on two types of soils with two Cd levels. Cd concentrations in nine rice cultivars varied significantly with genotype and soil type (P < 0.01). The Cd concentration was higher in red paddy soil (RP) than in yellow clayey paddy soil (YP). The average Cd concentrations of different organs in three rice types were indica > hybrid > japonica for the Cd treatments and controls. The polished grain concentration in YP and RP soils had a range of 0.055-0.23 mg/kg and 0.13-0.36 mg/kg in the Cd treatment, respectively. Two rice cultivars in YP soil and five rice cultivars in RP soil exceeded the concentration limits in the Chinese Food Hygiene Standard (0.2 mg/kg). The Cd concentrations in roots, stems, and leaves were all significantly and positively correlated to that in polished grain in a single test. The Cd concentrations in polished grain were positively and significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with the calculated transfer factors of stem to grain and leaf to grain Cd transfer. The results indicated that the variations of Cd concentration in grain were related to Cd uptake and the remobilization of Cd from stem and leaf to grain. Also, the cultivars with a strong tendency for Cd-accumulation should be avoided in paddy soil with low soil pH and low organic matter content to reduce the risks to human health from high Cd levels in rice.     

培养具有行业特色的环境工程专业研究

本文从有特色的环境工程专业构成要素出发,在知识体系构成、教学切入点等方面将相关专业的内涵共同与外沿问题渗透,修订专业培养方案,改革教学课程与实践,使专业培养的人才具有煤田、地质与环境特色,属于国家急需与紧缺型人才。     

合同能源管理的中国化与发展现状分析

合同能源管理是一种基于市场运作的节能激励机制,自引入中国以来,通过示范、引导和推广,服务范围已经扩展到工业、建筑、交通三大领域。十多年来,中国合同能源管理模式不断得到创新,国家政策的扶持力度越来越大,资金来源逐步多元化,有力地促进了节能服务产业的迅速发展,将成为"十二五"节能减排的新机遇。与此同时,合同能源管理业面临着融资难、激励机制不健全等问题。     

Construction of Circular Economy Industrial System

Abstract

It is difficult to realize the transformation from traditional economy industrial system to circular economy industrial system. Regarding primary raw materials as the indicators, the industrial system has been specified according to the divergence among the indicators and the circular utilization modes. In comparison with the association among industrial systems, the relationship among industrial sub-systems is named as industrial cross-linking in this paper. The industrial system which could completely utilize and recycle the indicators should be increased and strengthened, and the circular economy industrial system with complete industrial association and industrial cross-linking should also be constructed. Taking the development of circular agricultural system basing on the traditional agricultural system as an example, the traditional agricultural products are regarded as the indicators which have been divided into foodstuff and crop straws which are used to produce food and articles for use, like fertilizer, energy and papers etc. The way to construct the circular agricultural industrial system is to increase the industrial systems that could utilize the products generated from crop straws, feces and other castoffs and transform the wastewater and other trucks into environmental friendly products. It has also been pointed out that the construction of circular economy industrial system is conducive to the foundation of circular industrial economics and the establishment of the construction layout of circular economy and the application schemes. Suggestions to the theoretical and practical work of the next step have also been brought forward in this paper.     

The spatial and temporal change of cropland in the Scandinavian Peninsula during 1875–1999

Land use and land cover change (LUCC) has emerged as an important issue of global change with significant influences on the geochemical cycle and regional climate change. Understanding the historical changes of land use and analyzing the environmental effects of LUCC make such reconstructions important. Based on historical statistics, this article reconstructs cropland area at the municipality level (härad/kommun) in the Scandinavian Peninsula during 1875–1999. The total acreage of cropland increased 36.84 % during 1875–1930, kept stable during 1930–1950, and decreased 14.25 % during 1950–1999. The croplands of Sweden and Norway both increased before 1950 and changed in different ways during 1950–1999 when the cropland decreased by 19.79 % in Sweden but increased by 9.63 % in Norway. The counties in the south Scandinavian Peninsula owned most of the cropland, with a cropland proportion of over 20 %, and experienced relatively obvious cropland changes. Growth centers with a rate of increase of over 5 % during 1875–1910 were found in Skåne, Stockholm, the Uppsala counties in Sweden, and the area around Oslo county in Norway. The general cropland distribution showed almost no change during this period, which mainly reflects the suitability of the natural conditions for agriculture. Multi-social factors co-impacted land use activities and induced temporal and spatial variations of the cropland. These factors included food supply, world trade, wars, agriculture policies, the economic and political environment, urbanization, and national differences. Compared with the widely used global land use dataset Historical Database of the Global Environment (HYDE), this study shows different cropland change curves before 1950. This article is a case study showing that the hindcasting model of the HYDE dataset has difficulty estimating multi-determined cropland change in the Scandinavian Peninsula, and the empirical study contributes to the improvement of the accuracy of historical land use data at the regional level.