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承德市御道口地区作为京津冀水源涵养功能区的组成部分,是区域可持续发展的重要生态支撑。基于生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估模型(InVEST模型)定量分析了1990—2020年御道口地区的产水与水源涵养功能的时空演变,并采用情景模拟法分析评估气候要素与土地利用类型变化对产水量与水源涵养量的影响。结果表明:(1)1990—2020年,御道口地区平均产水深度与水源涵养深度分别为103.26,81.66 mm,产水量与水源涵养量呈现先减小后增加的波动变化趋势;空间均呈现东北高西南低的分布特征,高值区主要集中于东北林、草地区域,低值区则主要集中于未利用地与西南部耕地区域;(2)各气候要素中,产水深度、水源涵养深度与降水量呈正相关关系,与潜在蒸、散发量呈负相关关系;各土地利用类型中,草地的平均产水量贡献率最大(51.23%),林地的平均水源涵养量贡献率最大(50.77%);(3)1990—2020年,气候与土地利用变化对产水量变化的年平均贡献率分别为94.99%和5.01%,对水源涵养量变化的年平均贡献率分别为92.21%和7.79%,气候变化是御道口地区产水、水源涵养功能时空演变的主导因素,而土地利用变化的影响正在逐渐增强。 相似文献
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Peng Liu Xiaoliang Liang Yanliu Dang Junkai He Alireza Shirazi-Amin Laura A. Achol Shanka Dissanayake Hanlin Chen Mingli Fu Daiqi Ye Steven L. Suib 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(3):293-303
Ceria is widely used as a catalyst for soot combustion, but effects of Zr substitution on the reaction mechanism is ambiguous. The present work elucidates effects of Zr substitution on soot combustion over cubic fluorite-structured nanoceria. The nanostructured CeO2, Ce0.92Zr0.08O2, and Ce0.84Zr0.16O2 composed of 5–6 nm crystallites display Tm-CO2 (the temperature at maximum CO2 yield) at 383, 355, and 375°C under 10 vol.% O2/N2, respectively. The size of agglomerate decreases from 165.5 to 51.9–57.3 nm, which is beneficial for the soot-ceria contact. Moreover, Zr increases the amount of surface oxygen vacancies, generating more active oxygen (O2? and O?) for soot oxidation. Thus, the activities of Ce0.92Zr0.08O2 and Ce0.84Zr0.16O2 in soot combustion are better than that of CeO2. Although oxygen vacancies promote the migration of lattice O2?, the enriched surface Zr also inhibits the mobility of lattice O2?. Therefore, the Tm-CO2 of Ce0.84Zr0.16O2 is higher than that of Ce0.92Zr0.08O2. Based on reaction kinetic study, soot in direct contact with ceria preferentially decomposes with low activation energy, while the oxidation of isolated soot occurs through diffusion with high activation energy. The obtained findings provide new understanding on the soot combustion over nanoceria. 相似文献
294.
Bioavailability of bound residue derived from 14C-labeled chlorsulfuron in soil and its mechanism of phytotoxicity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The bioavailability of bound residue(BR) derived from ^14C-labeled chlorsulfuron in soil and effect of the main components of the BR on growth of rape( brassica napus) and rice( Oryza sativa L. ) were investigated. The results showed that the BR with the concentration of 0.28 and 0.56 nmol/g air-dried soil, which was calculated by special radioactivity of ^14C-labeled chlorsulfuron parent compound, resulted in significant depression effect on growth of rape seedling. It was assured that the main components(2-amino-4-methoxyl-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-amino-4-hydroxyl-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine, and 2-chloro-benzenesul-fonamide) of the BR did not inhibit the growth of rape and rice. LC-MS analysis demonstrated that the parent compound previously bound to the soil matrix could be again released and transformed into methanol-extractable residue during the course of rape growth. It was concluded that the molecular leading to the phytotoxicity to rape and rice in the BR is still the parent compound. 相似文献
295.
A great number of pedestrians are killed or injured in traffic crashes every year in the US. Vehicle crashes involving pedestrians are often more severe than other crashes because pedestrians are unprotected and are hence more likely to suffer injuries or death if struck by a motor vehicle. To improve pedestrian safety, a variety of treatments such as overhead flashing beacons, in-street crossing signs, in-roadway warning lights, and traffic calming measures have been used. One treatment, in-street yield-to-pedestrian channelizing devices (YTPCD), has been used in many states, including Pennsylvania, where approximately 10% of traffic crash fatalities are pedestrians each year.In an effort to improve pedestrian safety, the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) has widely deployed YTPCD. This study examines the spillover (indirect) effects of such devices on motorist and pedestrian behavior. With data collected from eight sites that did not have but were in the vicinity of YTPCD implementations, analysis results show that such devices have significantly positive spillover effects on pedestrian safety at intersections, but they tend to have negative spillover effects at mid-block locations. Overall, the YTPCD appear to have a positive impact on changing motorist and pedestrian behavior, and merit consideration for future usage of this type of device. 相似文献
296.
We examined whether participative leadership behavior is associated with improved work performance through a motivational process or an exchange‐based process. Based on data collected from 527 employees from a Fortune 500 company, we found that the link between superiors' participative leadership behaviors and subordinates' task performance and organizational citizenship behavior toward organizations (OCBO) was mediated by psychological empowerment (motivational mediator) for managerial subordinates. Yet, for non‐managerial subordinates such as supporting and front‐line employees, the impact of participative leadership on task performance and OCBO was mediated by trust‐in‐supervisor (exchange‐based mediator). Implications for theories and practices are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Xiaolan Li Guiqian Tang Liguang Li Weijun Quan Yangfeng Wang Ziqi Zhao Ningwei Liu Ye Hong Yanjun Ma 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(3):300-310
Visibility observed at different altitudes is favorable to understand the causes of air pollution. We conducted 4-years of observations of visibility at 2.8 and 60 m and particulate matter(PM) concentrations from 2015 to 2018 in Shenyang, a provincial city in Northeast China. The results indicated that visibility increased with the increasing height in winter(especially at night), and decreased with height in summer(especially at the daytime). PM concentration exhibited opposite vertical variati... 相似文献