火灾模拟结果误差分析的函数分析法

火灾试验结果和模拟预测结果常能表达成关于时间变化的曲线,为定量描述两种随时间变化曲线间相符合的程度,引入误差分析的函数分析法。采用适合于低Mach数流修正的N-S方程描述烟气的输运过程,使用大涡模拟和Smagorinsky亚格子模型,对封闭空间内的火灾过程进行数值模拟;对其计算结果的分析表明,函数分析法能定量对模拟预测曲线与试验曲线间的差别进行描述,模是两曲线值大小的相对误差的度量,余弦是两曲线形状相似程度的度量。     

酸碱-微波耦合预处理对污泥胞外聚合物溶裂与产甲烷行为的影响

对酸碱-微波耦合预处理后不同EPS组分在污泥厌氧消化行为中扮演的角色进行研究，通过产甲烷潜能实验评价其甲烷转化性能。结果表明:酸碱-微波耦合预处理通过溶出胞内有机物和改变EPS的分布来影响污泥产甲烷行为。甲烷累积产量最优预处理条件为pH=10，微波500 W，预处理时间120 s。此时，预处理后溶解型胞外聚合物（S-EPS）中的溶解性化学需氧量（SCOD）浓度达到11460 mg/L，是对照组浓度的184.5%，累积甲烷产量为89.08 mL/g，较对照组增加59.9%。碱处理（pH=10和12）时，S-EPS对累积甲烷产量的贡献率分别达到了16.6%和30.4%，远高于松散结合型胞外聚合物（LB-EPS）与紧密结合型胞外聚合物（TB-EPS）。在48 d的厌氧消化过程中，S-EPS对产甲烷的贡献率在1~4 d内快速升高，随后缓慢持续下降。因此，酸碱-微波耦合预处理通过强化污泥S-EPS中的多糖、蛋白质等有机质的溶出，促进污泥甲烷化。     

Toluene decomposition performance and NOx by-product formation during a DBD-catalyst process

Characteristics of toluene decomposition and formation of nitrogen oxide (NOx) by-products were investigated in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor with/without catalyst at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Four kinds of metal oxides, i.e., manganese oxide (MnOx), iron oxide (FeOx), cobalt oxide (CoOx) and copper oxide (CuO), supported on Al₂O₃/nickel foam, were used as catalysts. It was found that introducing catalysts could improve toluene removal efficiency, promote decomposition of by-product ozone and enhance CO₂ selectivity. In addition, NOx was suppressed with the decrease of specific energy density (SED) and the increase of humidity, gas flow rate and toluene concentration, or catalyst introduction. Among the four kinds of catalysts, the CuO catalyst showed the best performance in NOx suppression. The MnOx catalyst exhibited the lowest concentration of O₃ and highest CO₂ selectivity but the highest concentration of NOx. A possible pathway for NOx production in DBD was discussed. The contributions of oxygen active species and hydroxyl radicals are dominant in NOx suppression.     

浅析生态文明理念对内蒙古草原旅游资源开发重要性

生态文明是继农业、工业文明之后,适应新形势而提出的.以直接解决与人类生存相关的生态问题为己任,用于指引人们实现可持续发展为目标.在内蒙古地区,草原是最具内蒙古特色和开发价值的资源,然而在近几十年的开发中严重违反了生态文明理念,以致出现草场退化、生物生存危机等状况.在当前内蒙古草原出现的严重问题的情况下,很有必要去探寻生态文明理念的重要价值.结合中国传统文化中天时地利人和的重要思想,实现在“因时制宜、因地制宜、以人为本及各方因素协调共促”理念下新的草原开发.     

三峡库区城镇建设用地驱动因子路径分析

随着三峡大坝的修建．三峡经济飞速发展．带动了利用三峡库区城镇建设用地的变化。本文以三峡库区21个县市1995—2005年城镇建设用用地的变化量为主要研究对象。结合1995-2005年期间第二产业与第三产业的集中指数与区位商的空间分布变化。采用路径分析建模的方法。奠立了城镇建设用地与固定资产投资、社会商品零售总额、第二产值、第三产值及城镇人口的路径模型．确定了备影响因子对蜮镇建设用地变化的影响程度。其中第二产值对城镇建设用地的变化影响最大．影响力最小的是城镇人口。此项研究进一步验证了路径分析模型在土地利用变化驱动力分析研究中的可行性．同时也为库区城镇建设用地的控制提供了参考。     

海洋石油工程清洁生产评估方法研究

从资源能源利用、废弃物产生、废弃物回收利用、污染物处理、环境管理效果和环境响应情况着手,建立了包括6个一级指标、29个二级指标的海洋石油工程清洁生产评估指标体系;研究利用专家调查和层次分析法确定各评估指标的权重值,探索评估指标的赋值方法、标准化方法,提出了海洋石油工程清洁生产综合指数计算方法体系。     

我国石油炼化企业主要水污染物排放量核算方法研究

从企业工艺和产品特点出发,分析了石油炼制企业主要水污染物的排放量与企业加工量、加工工艺、加工装置、末端治理设施之间的简单逻辑关系,提出了一种基于企业规模、生产装置特征和污染治理技术的石油炼化企业水污染物排放量复杂系数核算方法。通过与实际监测数据的对比,该方法的误差满足总量核算中石油炼化企业排放量核算的要求,为行业总量减排核算提供了一种新的方法。     

Influence of hypothyroidism on oxidative stress,c-Fos expression,cell cycle,and apoptosis in rats testes

The molecular basis of male reproduction for cross-regulation between androgen and thyroid hormone axes is still rudimentary. This study aims to define a possible mechanism of hypothyroidism-induced reproductive influence with respect to sex hormone, mineral, sperm motility, oxidative stress, c-Fos expression, cell cycle, and apoptosis in rat testes. The Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (NS) and hypothyroidism group [1 ml/100g BW/day, 0.1% propylthiouracil (PTU)] by intragastric gavage for 60 days. Blood samples were collected to measure the serum levels. The epididymis was excised to measure sperm motility and testes were excised to measure mineral, oxidative stress, c-Fos expression, cell cycle, and apoptosis. After 60 days, body weight, relative testes weight, triiodothyronine, and total thyroxine were all significantly decreased, whereas thyroid stimulating hormone was increased in the hypothyroidism group. A significant increase in sex hormone level of estradiol (E2) and significant decreases in testosterone (T) and T/E2 ratio were observed following PTU treatment. And sperm quality was also significantly changed. There were significant decreases in the contents of calcium (Ca²⁺) and zinc (Zn²⁺). On the other hand, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents significantly increased, whereas the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide content significantly decreased in hypothyroid rats. The mRNA and protein expressions of c-Fos decreased significantly. The cell percentage in G0/G1 phase increased significantly, whereas decreased significantly in S and G2/M phases. Also, a significant increase in testicular cell apoptosis was observed in hypothyroid-treated rats. These results suggested that hypothyroidism could affect reproductive function in the form of changed sex hormone levels, sperm motility and testicular Ca²⁺ and Zn²⁺, and enhanced oxidative stress leading to c-Fos abnormal expression and increased apoptosis.