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实验以处理金属表面所产生的磷化废水为研究对象,系统地分析了在新型混凝剂的使用过程中,pH值、温度、石灰投入量、沉降时间、助剂A等因素对脱磷效果的影响。结果表明,含磷量为18mg/L、COD为300mg/L、SS为150mg/L、pH值为5.7~6.5的废水,石灰投入量为300mg/L、沉降时间为10min左右、温度为25℃、pH值调节至9.0、加入5mL助剂A处理后,废水中磷含量为0.25~0.35mg/L、COD为80mg/L、SS为60mg/L,满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)中的一级标准。 相似文献
703.
Yanhui Wang Pengtao Yu Wei Xiong Zhenxi Shen Mingchun Guo Zhongjie Shi Apeng Du Liangmin Wang 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2008,44(5):1086-1097
Abstract: The increase of coverage of forest/vegetation is imperative to improve the environment in dry‐land areas of China, especially for protecting soil against serious erosion and sandstorms. However, inherent severe water shortages, drought stresses, and increasing water use competition greatly restrict the reforestation. Notably, the water‐yield reduction after afforestation generates intense debate about the correct approach to afforestation and forest management in dry‐land areas. However, most studies on water‐yield reduction of forests have been at catchment scales, and there are few studies of the response of total evapotranspiration (ET) and its partitioning to vegetation structure change. This motivates us to learn the linkage between hydrological processes and vegetation structure in slope ecosystems. Therefore, an ecohydrological study was carried out by measuring the individual items of water balance on sloping plots covered by different vegetation types in the semiarid Liupan Mountains of northwest China. The ratio of precipitation consumed as ET was about 60% for grassland, 93% for shrubs, and >95% for forestland. Thus, the water yield was very low, site‐specific, and sensitive to vegetation change. Conversion of grassland to forest decreased the annual water yield from slope by 50‐100 mm. In certain periods, the plantations at lower slopes even consumed the runon from upper slopes. Reducing the density of forests and shrubs by thinning was not an efficient approach to minimize water use. Leaf area index was a better indicator than plant density to relate ET to vegetation structure and to evaluate the soil water carrying capacity for vegetation (i.e., the maximum amount of vegetation that can be supported by the available soil water for an extended time). Selecting proper vegetation types and plant species, based on site soil water condition, may be more effective than the forest density regulation to minimize water‐yield reduction by vegetation coverage increase and notably by reforestation. Finally, the focuses in future research to improve the forest‐water relations in dry‐land areas are recommended as follows: vegetation growth dynamics driven by environment especially water conditions, coupling of ecological and hydrological processes, further development of distributed ecohydrological models, quantitative relation of eco‐water quota of ecosystems with vegetation structures, multi‐scaled evaluation of soil water carrying capacity for vegetation, and the development of widely applicable decision support tools. 相似文献
704.
Particle-facilitated lead and arsenic transport in abandoned mine sites soil influenced by simulated acid rain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The role of acid rain in affecting Pb and As transport from mine tailings was investigated by pumping simulated acid rain at a infiltration rate of 10.2 cm/h through soil columns. Simulated acid rain with pH of 3.0, 4.5 and 5.6 were used as leaching solutions. Results showed that 86.9–95.9% of Pb and 90–91.8% of As eluted from the columns were adsorbed by particles in the leachates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that particles released from the columns were mainly composed of flocculated aggregates and plate or rod shaped discrete grains. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) showed that these particles were predominantly silicate minerals. Results from our experiments demonstrated that when rapid infiltration conditions or a rainstorm exist, particle-facilitated transport of contaminants is likely to the dominant metal transport pathway influenced by acid rain. 相似文献
705.
覆盖旱作水稻的生物效应及吸氮特征 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了田间条件下旱作水稻半腐解秸秆覆盖、蚕豆秆覆盖、地膜覆盖、纸膜覆盖、生稻草覆盖 5种覆盖方式的吸氮特征 ;水稻水作与旱作的产量及其构成因素 ;水稻水作与旱作条件下灌溉水的利用效率。结果表明 ,旱作条件下水稻各部位的含氮量均大于水作 ;旱作水稻的氮素吸收、累积主要在拔节期以后 ,而水作水稻从移栽后就大量吸收氮素 ,灌浆期后很少吸收氮素 ;旱作水稻的产量以半腐解覆盖处理的最高 ,为 8415kg/hm2 ;旱作水稻耗水量只占水作耗水量的 7 14% ,旱作水稻的水分利用效率是水作的 12倍以上 相似文献
706.
三江平原农田夜间呼吸的涡度相关法和箱法观测比对 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2004年和2005年作物生长季,分别在三江平原水田和旱田,利用涡度相关法(EC)和暗箱-气相色谱法(DC-GC)开展了夜间生态系统呼吸比对实验.结果表明,湍流交换充分时2种方法观测数据没有显著性差异,并在选取更高摩擦风速下EC数据后,二者数据一致性得到进一步提高;EC观测的夜间呼吸与箱法模型的结果差异显著(p<0.001),并因为EC数据本身巨大的变异性而与箱法模型结果的线性相关很弱(水稻田:R2=0.06;大豆地:R2=0.23),但在较长时间域内合计数据则可以明显地提高两者的线性相关(水稻田:R2=0.16;大豆地:R2=0.75).无论是与DC-GC观测数据比较,还是与其模型结果比较,EC观测的夜间呼吸都比DC-GC法低4%~30%,并且低估程度随季节变化而变化,在生长初期和晚期低估程度最小,而在生长旺期低估程度最大. 相似文献
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