EDTAD-modified cassava stalks loaded with Fe3O4: highly efficient removal of Pb2+ and Zn2+ from aqueous solution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, a novel magnetic cassava stalk composite (M-EMCS) was prepared through modification with ethylenediamine tetraacetic anhydride (EDTAD)...     

Extinction rate of discovered and undiscovered plants in Singapore

Extinction is a key issue in the assessment of global biodiversity. However, many extinction rate measures do not account for species that went extinct before they could be discovered. The highly developed island city–state of Singapore has one of the best-documented tropical floras in the world. This allowed us to estimate the total rate of floristic extinctions in Singapore since 1822 after accounting for sampling effort and crypto extinctions by collating herbaria records. Our database comprised 34,224 specimens from 2076 native species, of which 464 species (22%) were considered nationally extinct. We assumed that undiscovered species had the same annual per-species extinction rates as discovered species and that no undiscovered species remained extant. With classical and Bayesian algorithms, we estimated that 304 (95% confidence interval, 213–414) and 412 (95% credible interval, 313–534) additional species went extinct before they could be discovered, respectively; corresponding total extinction rate estimates were 32% and 35% (range 30–38%). We detected violations of our 2 assumptions that could cause our extinction estimates, particularly the absolute numbers, to be biased downward. Thus, our estimates should be treated as lower bounds. Our results illustrate the possible magnitudes of plant extirpations that can be expected in the tropics as development continues.     

Study on the co-effect of maifanite-based photocatalyst and humic acid in the photodegradation of organic pollutant

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, the co-effect of clay mineral-based photocatalyst and humic acid on the photodegradation of dye was revealed for the first time. The...     

废旧弹药回收与再利用技术研究进展

废旧弹药不仅会产生危害,还会占用库存,必须及时妥善处理.首先分析了熔融分离技术、溶剂萃取技术、超临界流体萃取技术、密度分级技术、超声空化-表面活性剂水溶技术、水悬浮煮洗技术、热解法、溶剂溶解法等8种不同回收技术的原理和特点;其次分析了废旧弹药在军事、民用炸药、化工材料或产品、一般或特殊能源等方面再利用的4种途径的原理及特点;最后分析了控制爆炸技术、控制燃烧技术、热气消除技术、水热氧化技术、超临界水氧化技术、光催化氧化技术、强氧化剂氧化技术、湿空气氧化技术、脉冲等离子体技术、超声波氧化技术、熔融盐破坏技术、生物降解技术等13种废旧弹药绿色销毁处理技术的原理及特点.回收与再利用方法众多,具体选择哪种方式去处理还要根据废旧弹药性质、种类、数量、现有的工厂条件以及经济效益的高低去判断和选择.建议政府、军队、研究院所、学校、企业等多方应该加强合作,研究新的处理技术并应用,以全面提升经济效益和社会效益综合效益,实现自动化、智能化和集约化是其未来发展趋势.     

Selective effects of fenitrothion on murine splenic T-lymphocyte populations and cytokine/granzyme production

The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro effects of fenitrothion (FNT) on mouse splenic lymphocytes. Here, naïve mice had their spleens harvested and splenocytes isolated. After exposure to FNT for 48 hr: splenocyte viability was measured using a tetrazolium dye assay; cell phenotypes, i.e., B-cells (CD19⁺), T-cells (CD3⁺), and T-cell subsets (CD4⁺ and CD8⁺), were quantified by flow cytometry; and, production of cytokines/granzyme-B was assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ability for FNT to induce oxidative stress in the cells was evaluated by measuring hydroxyl radical (·OH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production and changes in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The results showed that FNT significantly inhibited splenocyte proliferation, and decreased production of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon gamma, IL-4, and granzyme B, but had no impact on IL-6 production. FNT also selectively decreased splenic T-cell levels but did not induce changes in CD19⁺ B-cells. Further, within the T-cell populations, percentages of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ T-cells (particularly CD8⁺ T-cells) were reduced. Lastly, FNT selectively increased MDA and ·OH production and inhibited SOD and GSH-Px activities in the splenic lymphocytes. These findings suggest that, due to oxidative damage, FNT selectively inhibits splenic T-lymphocyte survival and cytokine/granzyme production in vitro.     

近30年来长江口北支及口外沉积特征及输移趋势

近30 a来长江口北支在自然和人类活动影响下，沉积物特征及输移趋势发生显著变化。研究基于2015年和20世纪80年代沉积物粒度调查资料，通过粒度对比、趋势分析等方法，探讨长江口北支及口外沉积特征与输移趋势。结果表明：长江口北支及口外沉积物类型以粘土质粉砂、砂质粉砂和砂为主，近30 a来平均中值粒径减小20%左右。其中，北支口内粒径减小约30%，表明北支口内整体为淤积环境；口外0~10 m水深区域粒径增加约25%，表现为风浪和潮流作用下的侵蚀特征；10 m水深外，粒径略有减小，沉积特征基本稳定。从沉积物输移趋势上看，北支崇头至灵甸港河段，沉积物较粗，以径流作用下的沉积为主；灵甸港至三条港河段，沉积物输移趋势向下指向三条港，其中灵甸港至三和港河段边滩粗、主槽细，径潮流交汇作用明显；三条港以下河段，沉积物以海域来沙为主，颗粒细，输移趋势指向上游；北支口外，0~10 m水深区域，沉积物粗化，沉积物随水深增加变细，其中0~2 m水深区域，砂含量占比超过90%；10 m以深离岸水域，沉积物输移趋势不显著。流域来沙减少和北支围垦工程建设，致使沿岸泥沙补给不足，口外浅滩泥沙在风浪和潮流作用下，一部分随涨潮流向口内输运，一部分随落潮流向外海扩散，构成北支及口外沉积物输移趋势格局。     

燃烧假人测试系统及其应用前景

燃烧假人测试系统是国际公认的定量评估防护装备阻燃性能的专用设备，本文主要介绍了燃烧假人测试系统的研究现状、系统构成、技术体系及应用前景。     

放射性固体废物压缩封装工艺防污染措施

此文在放射性固体废物压缩封装机（详见本刊１９９１年第１２期），的基础上，阐述了其运行过程中的污染设施和防污效果。调查表明，放射性固废压缩封装工艺必须辅以适当的辐射防护措施，宜采取供风和排风相结合的通负形式，使运行车间维持一定的负压。监测数据表明，采取以上措施后，车间和周围环境中的气载放射性核素浓度仅为国标（ＧＢ４７９２－８）ＤＡＣ规定值的１／３０，工作场所表面污染水平均在ＧＢ８７０３－８８给出的控     

Quantifying carbon footprint for ecological river restoration

Environment, Development and Sustainability - RIVER restoration is a popular technique to rehabilitate degraded river habitat. Given the nature of these types of engineering projects, using...