上海市大气中PM10浓度的统计分析

以上海市2002年-2009年的PM10实测数据和同步气象资料为研究对象进行上海市PM10污染分析研究。对2002年-2009年的监测数据进行分析、归纳,得到了上海市可吸入颗粒物(PM10)浓度的季节变化规律、每日小时变化规律以及上海市不同地区可吸入颗粒物(PM10)浓度的分布特征,并对这种特征及变化规律进行了详尽地分析。研究表明上海市空气环境质量在逐年好转,其标志是累计超标污染天数每年减少5天;在一年当中,污染天数最多的是冬季,其次是春季,最少的是夏季;在空气环境质量逐年好转的大趋势下,针对其产生的原因进行了分析。     

不同植物对石油污染的耐受性研究

石油污染已成为世界各国普遍关注的环境问题,土壤中石油类污染物的植物修复因具有众多优势而被人们广泛关注,而耐受性强的修复植物的选择是研究的重点,因此,采用皿培的方法对几种待选植物种子进行培养,对其在不同浓度石油污染的土壤中的出芽率进行分析,并持续观察其植株的生长状况,评价植物在各个浓度石油污染土壤中的耐受性,结果可得:低浓度石油污染土壤(0.5%)对植物种子萌芽和植株生长均有一定的促进作用,中高浓度(1%~3%)石油污染土壤对种子萌芽和植株生长具有抑制作用,在受试五种植物中,红三叶种子的石油污染耐受性最强。     

微污染水脱氮除磷工艺浅析

因水体富营养化问题及城市供水水源污染问题,人们越来越关注微污染水的治理研究问题,传统的污水处理工艺已无法满足微污染水的处理要求。"曝气生物滤池-生物脱氮滤池-双层除磷滤池"工艺,是一种投资小处理率高的生物处理技术,能很好地解决微污染水脱氮除磷问题,使处理后的出水达到地表水环境质量Ⅲ类水体标准。     

Temporal dimension and water quality control in an emission trading scheme based on water environmental functional zone

Emission trading is one of the most effective alternatives to controlling water pollution. Water environmental functional zone (WEFZ) is used to determine the water quality standard and identify the zone boundary for each river or reach. In this study, a new emission trading scheme was addressed based on WEFZ, accounting for both the temporal dimension and water quality control. A temporal factor of emission trading was proposed based on variations in the environmental capacity within a year by dividing the year into three periods, including high, normal, and low periods of environmental capacity. During each period, emission trading was implemented exclusively. A water quality-control scheme was suggested based on the water quality requirement in the water functional zone, in which the water quality at the downstream boundary of the zone was required to meet the water standard following auto-purification in the stream. Two methods of calculating water quality control are addressed for point-source pollution and non-point-source pollution. The calculated temporal dimension and water quality control were located in Dongxi River of the Daning Watershed in the Three Gorges Watershed. The high period was during June, July, and August, the normal period was during April, May, September, and October, and the low period was during January, February, March, November, and December. The results from the water quality calculation demonstrated that the discharge of point-source and non-point-source pollutions led to an excess of common contaminants at the downstream boundary of WEFZ. The temporal and spatial factors above should be incorporated into the emission trading scheme based on WEFZ.     

Conceptual study on incorporating user information into forecasting systems

The purpose of improving weather forecast is to enhance the accuracy in weather prediction. An ideal forecasting system would incorporate user-end information. In recent years, the meteorological community has begun to realize that while general improvements to the physical characteristics of weather forecasting systems are becoming asymptotically limited, the improvement from the user end still has potential. The weather forecasting system should include user interaction because user needs may change with different weather. A study was conducted on the conceptual forecasting system that included a dynamic, user-oriented interactive component. This research took advantage of the recently implemented TIGGE (THORPEX interactive grand global ensemble) project in China, a case study that was conducted to test the new forecasting system with reservoir managers in Linyi City, Shandong Province, a region rich in rivers and reservoirs in eastern China. A self-improving forecast system was developed involving user feedback throughout a flood season, changing thresholds for flood-inducing rainfall that were responsive to previous weather and hydrological conditions, and dynamic user-oriented assessments of the skill and uncertainty inherent in weather prediction. This paper discusses ideas for developing interactive, user-oriented forecast systems.     

1株草除灵高效降解菌的分离鉴定与降解特性研究

从农药厂废水处理池的活性污泥中分离得到1株能以草除灵为唯一碳源生长的菌株.经生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析,将此菌株初步鉴定为Methyloversatilis sp.,命名为MBLHC-2.对菌株MBLHC-2的生长特性研究表明,液体培养时,菌株呈絮状生长;在30℃、pH 8.0的R2A培养基中生长...     

软骨藻酸胶体金免疫层析检测试纸条的研制

制备软骨藻酸（DA）胶体金免疫层析快速检测试纸条,建立一种快速检测贝类食品中软骨藻酸含量的检测方法.采用柠檬酸三钠还原氯金酸法制备颗粒直径20 nm的胶体金;电镜鉴定后,确定胶体金标记软骨藻酸单克隆抗体的最佳条件并制备金标抗体;金标抗体喷涂在玻璃纤维垫上制成胶体金结合垫;软骨藻酸与牛血清蛋白（BSA）的偶联物构成的包被...     

焦化废水生物脱氮研究

本文通过小试及中试,对焦化疲水的生物脱氮处理进行了研究。研究结果表明,硝化菌的培养及驯化是生物脱氮顺利进行的关键,连续驯化方式优于间歇驯化方式,当水质波动不大,运行条件正常时,A-A/O系统可以实现98—99％的硝化效果和75％以上的除氮效果。厌氧预处理在其中起了重要作用。     

滇池富营养化成因分析

滇池富营养化是湖泊生态环境演变过程的景观显示,是湖泊生物生产力在必需的营养条件和适宜的环境条件相互作用下发生发展的生态过程。其生态演变因素可分为“自然的"与“人为的"两种。营养盐的大量输入是滇池富营养化的主要原因:适宜的自然环境是发生富营养化的重要条件:人类活动的强度干预,加速了滇池的富营养化。      

用厌氧酸化预处理焦化废水的研究

在采用色谱-质谱(GC/MS)联用仪分析北京焦化厂废水中有机物组分及浓度的基础上,研究厌氧酸化对焦化废水可生物处理性能的影响,并探讨厌氧酸化作为焦化废水好氧生物处理预处理的可行性。试验结果表明,焦化废水经6h厌氧酸化,12h好氧曝气,COD去除率可达90％以上,比未用厌氧酸化预处理的COD去除率提高近40％。当焦化废水进水COD为1780mg/l时,出水COD可降至158mg/l。