基于生态系统服务的水生态足迹初步研究

传统生态足迹未将水资源纳入其核算体系。为了弥补这一不足,提出水（资源）生态足迹,其定义为生产一定人口消费的水资源及吸纳其产生的废弃物所需要的生物生产性土地的面积。介绍了我国水生态足迹研究在基础
理论和基本模型方面的现状,并分析了其存在的缺陷与不足：（1）囿于当前生态足迹定义,没有认识到人类在其生产生活中消费的水资源无法转换为生物生产性土地;（2）水资源均衡因子计算方法不同于其他均衡因子且不符合水生态足迹要求;（3）总的水生态足迹和水生态承载力以及水生态盈亏的计算也存在问题。提出解决问题的关键是将水生态足迹构建于水域的多种生态系统服务功能之上,其定义为提供一定人口消费的水生态系统服务所需要的土地面积。当前条件下,基于生态系统服务的水生态足迹包括渔业生态足迹、淡水生态足迹和水污染生态足迹3部分,并以此为基础提出了基于生态系统服务的水生态足迹的基本模型。该模型与当前水生态足迹模型的不同之处主要在于：（1）舍弃均衡因子;（2）同一土地类型取其最大值作为最终生态足迹;（3）不同土地类型只做分类比较而不进行加总计算。最后,提出了需进一步研究的几个问题     

连云港港口渔船防污工作的调查与思考

通过对连云港港口渔船防污工作的现场调查，分析了存在的问题，对渔船的污染危害进行了评估，并提出了对策。     

Significant tipping points of sediment microeukaryotes forewarn increasing antibiotic pollution

Antibiotic pollution imposes urgent threats to public health and microbial-mediated ecological processes. Existing studies have primarily focused on bacterial responses to antibiotic pollution, but they ignored the microeukaryotic counterpart, though microeukaryotes are functionally important (e.g., predators and saprophytes) in microbial ecology. Herein, we explored how the assembly of sediment microeukaryotes was affected by increasing antibiotic pollution at the inlet (control) and across the outlet sites along a shrimp wastewater discharge channel. The structures of sediment microeukaryotic community were substantially altered by the increasing nutrient and antibiotic pollutions, which were primarily controlled by the direct effects of phosphate and ammonium (−0.645 and 0.507, respectively). In addition, tetracyclines exerted a large effect (0.209), including direct effect (0.326) and indirect effect (−0.117), on the microeukaryotic assembly. On the contrary, the fungal subcommunity was relatively resistant to antibiotic pollution. Segmented analysis depicted nonlinear responses of microeukaryotic genera to the antibiotic pollution gradient, as supported by the significant tipping points. We screened 30 antibiotic concentration-discriminatory taxa of microeukaryotes, which can quantitatively and accurately predict (98.7% accuracy) the in-situ antibiotic concentration. Sediment microeukaryotic (except fungal) community is sensitive to antibiotic pollution, and the identified bioindicators could be used for antibiotic pollution diagnosis.     

Biodegradation of quinoline by gel immobilized Burkholderia sp

Burkholderia sp, a gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobe, capable of degrading quinoline was immobilized in calcium alginate gel beads and used for degradation of quinoline in aqueous solution in the reactor. The optimal conditions for immobilization of the microorganism, such as alginate concentration, calcium ion concentration, initial cell loading, hardening time and bead size, were determined with a view to improving the quinoline degradation rate. The characteristics of quinoline degradation by immobilized microbial cells were investigated. The repeated use of immobilized cells for quinoline degradation was performed and the results revealed that the bioactivity of immobilized cells was stable over 100 h in the repeated batch cultivation for quinoline degradation.     

Thermochemical studies of the toxic actions of heavy metal ions on Rhizopus nigricans

By using a LKB2277 BioActivity Monitor (heat conduction microcalorimeter), stopped-flow method, the thermogenetic curves of Rhizopus nigricans growth at 25 degrees C inhibited by four kinds of heavy metal ions are determined, parameters such as growth rate constants k, inhibitory ratio I, half inhibitory concentration IC50 et al. are obtained. The experimental results show that heavy metal ions can inhibit Rhizopus nigricans growth obviously, low concentration of Cu2+ has promoting action. The inhibitory sequence is Cd2+ > Hg2+ > Pb2+ > Cu2+, half inhibitory concentration of them are Cd+ 0.8 micro g x ml(-1), Hg2+ 1.7 micro g x ml(-1), Pb2+ 48.0 micro g x ml(-1), Cu2+ 110 micro g x ml(-1). This microclorimetric bioassay for acute cellular toxicity is based on metabolic heat evolution from cultured cells. The assay is quantitative, inexpensive, and versatile; moreover, toxicological information can be obtained with cell from other species of interest.     

提高LIFAC法脱硫效率的工程实例

针对LIFAC法脱硫效率低的问题，从吸收剂的涡流循环喷钙装置、增强吸收剂的活性、抑制脱硫产物硫酸钙的高温分解等几个方面进行了剖析，并自制LIFAC法廉价喷钙剂，在佛山华丰纸业有限公司进行中试，取得了脱硫率平均90％以上的效果，最后，作者对该技术的优越性进行了评估。     

苯酚的超临界水氧化试验

以自建的一套连续式超临界水氧化装置的温度，压力，溶氧量和流量等参数的可控性进行了实验，并在此基础上进行了苯酚的超临界水氧化研究。结果表明：所建立的装置能比较精确控制各种条件参数，是可靠的超临界水氧化试验研究装置。在氧气过量的条件下，停留时间是影响苯酚在超临界水中氧化分解的主要因素，反应的温度和压力升高导致苯致苯酚去除率的增大，只要有足够的氧气，苯酚起始浓度的增加对苯酚的转化率影响不明显，在实验条件下，溶液中苯酚的去除动力学对苯酚是一级，氧气是零级。     

氟乙酸钠的衍生化GC—NPD测定方法

氟乙酸钠的分析鉴定，有助于中毒病人的论断与救治，本文建立了一种氟乙酸钠的衍生化、ＧＣ－ＮＰＤ测定方法，用正交设计法选择了衍生化条件和色谱测定条件，考查了中毒治疗药物和一些有机酸的干扰情况。将该方法用于血、尿样品外加氟乙酸钠的测定，考查了血、尿样品中氟乙酸钠测定的线性范围、最低检测限、精密度。     

杞麓湖“十五”期间污染底泥环境疏浚工程效益评估研究

对疏浚工程前杞麓湖湖泊生态系统存在的问题进行了深入分析，并在对底泥中污染物释放的原理进行简述的基础上，对底泥疏浚工程效益展开详细的评估，认为底泥疏浚有效地带出湖内污染源，疏浚区水质明显改善，扩大了湖容量，并为湖泊水生态系统恢复创造了适宜的光照条件、底质条件和水深条件，有利于水生态系统的自然恢复，促进湖泊生态系统好转。同时，疏浚底泥的吹填改造了湖周围冷浸田，促进了湖周农田基本建设及农业经济的可持续发展。     

重金属-多氯联苯复合污染土壤同步洗脱

电子垃圾拆解区土壤具有重金属与有机物复合污染的特性,尤其以Cu、Pb、Cd和多氯联苯(PCBs)的复合污染较为突出。为了同步脱除土壤中重金属与PCBs,选用增溶物质:Tween 80、TX-100、SDBS、β-环糊精与螯合剂柠檬酸依次组合进行复合污染土壤淋洗实验,应用批量平衡震荡法研究它们对重金属(Cu、Pb、Cd)与PCBs(Aroclor 1254)的洗脱效果。通过比较洗脱效果、环境友好性等方面,得出非离子表面活性剂Tween 80与天然螯合剂柠檬酸2种淋洗剂复合最佳;进一步研究两者的淋洗先后顺序、浓度配比、洗脱时间及淋洗剂pH对污染土壤洗脱效果的影响,结果表明,在Tween 80和柠檬酸均为10 g/L、pH=6、淋洗时间12 h时淋洗效果达到最佳,对Cu、Pb、Cd及PCBs的洗脱率分别达到98.77%、55.92%、66.82%和58.01%。因此,利用Tween80和柠檬酸组合可同时有效去除土壤重金属和PCBs,是复合污染土壤淋洗修复的有效淋洗剂。