加油加气站雷击静电事故分析及安全防护技术

雷击主要损坏加油加气站电子系统设备并引发一系列危害,大都是雷电波侵入和雷电反击造成,静电易引发火灾和爆炸。结合近几年来,山东省淄博地区汽车加油加气站现有防雷防静电装置的检测（验收）情况,归纳出缺少防直击雷装置、缺失SPD防护、未共用同一地网等五个方面的重大安全隐患,并逐一给出整改措施。对大型加油加气站应依据雷电灾害风险评估来确定其防雷类别,新建站的防雷防静电装置应严格按照设计、施工和验收＂三同时＂原则,建立雷击静电事故应急处置预案和定期检测与维护防雷防静电装置是加油加气站安全生产的重要关键环节。     

淄博市雷电灾害易损性风险评估及区划

从雷电灾害易损性分析角度出发,利用山东省淄博市8个气象台站1963-2012年雷暴日资料和2002-2012年雷电灾害资料,结合各区县的经济和人口密度特征,选取雷击大地密度、雷电灾害频度、经济易损模数、生命易损模数4个指标,对淄博市雷电灾害易损性进行了评估。结果显示：张店区、淄川区是极高易损区,沂源县、临淄区为高易损区,博山区、周村区是中易损区,桓台县为低易损区,高青县为极低易损区。初步形成了各地易损性结构和淄博市雷电灾害易损度区划图,为各级政府和相关管理部门指导城市规划、防御和减轻雷电灾害提供了客观的科学依据。     

Relationship embedding and environmental governance performance research of pollution in a mining area,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of this study was to explore the enterprises in the mining area, in the face of environmental pollution, to use relationship embedding to...     

垃圾渗滤液的加载磁絮凝预处理工艺研究

垃圾渗滤液是一种成分复杂多变的高浓度难处理有机废水。采用加载磁絮凝技术对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,以提高其可生化性,便于后续生化处理的进行。研究了适宜的磁载体种类、凝聚剂和絮凝剂的加入量,以及不同pH值和药剂投加顺序的影响,并进行了磁絮凝与常规絮凝工艺的对比实验。得到的最优组合工艺为：PAC投加量5.5 g/L,磁载体投加...     

An empirical investigation of construction and demolition waste generation rates in Shenzhen city, South China

The construction and demolition waste generation rates (C&D WGRs) is an important factor in decision-making and management of material waste in any construction site. The present study investigated WGRs by conducting on-site waste sorting and weighing in four ongoing construction projects in Shenzhen city of South China. The results revealed that WGRs ranged from 3.275 to 8.791 kg/m² and miscellaneous waste, timber for formwork and falsework, and concrete were the three largest components amongst the generated waste. Based on the WGRs derived from the research, the paper also discussed the main causes of waste in the construction industry and attempted to connect waste generation with specific construction practices. It was recommended that measures mainly including performing waste sorting at source, employing skilful workers, uploading and storing materials properly, promoting waste management capacity, replacing current timber formwork with metal formwork and launching an incentive reward program to encourage waste reduction could be potential solutions to reducing current WGRs in Shenzhen. Although these results were derived from a relatively small sample and so cannot justifiably be generalized, they do however add to the body of knowledge that is currently available for understanding the status of the art of C&D waste management in China.     

Persistent organic pollutant emissions from medical waste incinerators in China

The huge amount of medical waste (MW) has caused a tough challenge to environmental protection in China because of its serious infectious potential. At present, incineration is the most common technology for MW disposal. Unfortunately, the medical waste incinerator (MWI) is considered one of the major sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). This study was conducted to investigate the generation and the components of MW; the fingerprint of PCDD/Fs in MWI; and PCDD/F, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and hexachlorobenzene concentrations in residue ash. The estimated annual production of MW was estimated to be 0.97 million tons in China in 2008; in addition, plastic and rubber accounted for 24.5% of MW contents. PCDD/F emissions from MWI could be divided into two main groups according their fingerprints, and the ratio of PCDFs/PCDDs was mostly over 1.5, with a mean value of 3.43. The toxic equivalent of PCDD/Fs was over 30 times that of the value of PCBs in the residue ash, and PCDD/F contents in fly ash accounted for approximately 67% of the total output of PCDD/Fs, which was in line with the UNEP default emission factors for MWI (class 3, 63.7%).     

西海固地区可持续发展中的生态环境问题及对策

本文分析了宁夏西海固贫困少数民族地区生态环境的基本特征和影响因素,提出了生态环境整治与建设的基本对策。     

Polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS): application for monitoring organic micropollutants in wastewater effluent and surface water

In this paper, we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of POCIS (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler) for the evaluation of river water quality downstream of wastewater treatment plants. POCIS proved well adapted to sampling alkylphenols and several pharmaceuticals. Concentration factors and the decrease in limits of quantification, compared to grab water sample analyses, were significant except for hormones, β-blockers and bronchodilators. Promising preliminary results obtained in situ on deuterated atenolol used as a performance reference compound need to be confirmed in-lab. This work confirms that POCIS is a valuable tool for monitoring hydrophilic organic molecules in river and wastewaters.     

Chlorophyll and suspended sediment mapping to the Caribbean Sea from rivers in the capital city of the Dominican Republic using ALOS AVNIR-2 data

This study aims to study the distribution of contaminants in rivers that flow into the Caribbean Sea using chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and suspended sediment (SS) as markers and ALOS AVNIR-2 satellite sensor data. The Haina River (HN) and Ozama and Isabela Rivers (OZ-IS) that flow through the city of Santo Domingo, the capital of the Dominican Republic, were chosen. First, in situ spectral reflectance/Chl-a and SS datasets obtained from these rivers were acquired in March 2011 (case A: with no rain influence) and June 2011 (case B: with rain influence), and the estimation algorithm of Chl-a and SS using AVNIR-2 data was developed from the datasets. Moreover, the developed algorithm was applied to AVNIR-2 data in November 2010 for case A and August 2010 for case B. Results revealed that for Chl-a and SS estimations under cases A and B conditions, the reflectance ratio of AVNIR-2 band 4 and band 3 (AV4/AV3) and the reflectance of AVNIR-2 band 4 (AV4) were effective. The Chl-a and SS mapping results obtained using AVNIR-2 data corresponded with the field survey results. Finally, an outline of the distribution of contaminants at the mouth of the river that flows into the Caribbean Sea was obtained for both rivers in cases A and B.     

EGSB厌氧发酵垃圾渗滤液制氢的启动特性研究

利用厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB),对生活垃圾堆肥厂初期渗滤液的厌氧生物发酵制氢启动特性进行了研究,探讨了反应器对渗滤液中COD、总氮、总磷的去除效果和产氢能力.结果表明在中温35℃±1℃,有机负荷1.4~16.7 g/(L.d),pH为5.0~5.5的条件下,经过20 d的适应期后,EGSB反应器可以实现连续稳定产氢.在水力停留时间为30 h,液体上升流速为3.0 m/h的稳定运行阶段,最高产氢率为1 460 mL/(L.d),氢气含量为19%~33%,COD去除率为50%~70%,总磷、总氮的去除率稳定在40%~70%、32%~65%.液相末端发酵产物中乙醇和乙酸总含量占挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)总量的80%以上,发酵类型以乙醇发酵型为主.