Research on low carbon management using a scientific classification method

This research is aimed at the rapid development of a low-carbon economy, in which we propose the classification and application of relevant management measures to affect the development of environmental management ideas and measures of the low-carbon economy, which we called as low carbon management measures. According to scientific analysis of the lowcarbon economy, we can divide low-carbon management measures into three parts: measures for reduction of carbon sources, carbon flow planning, and increase of carbon sinks. Furthermore, we list the advantages that China can utilize to develop its own low-carbon management measures. In the end, necessary adjustments to environmental management measures in China can be made according to this scientific classification.     

Sorption mechanisms of diphenylarsinic acid on natural magnetite and siderite: Evidence from sorption kinetics,sequential extraction and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy analysis

• DPAA sorption followed pseudo-secondary and intra-particle diffusion models. • Chemical bonding and intra-particle diffusion were dominant rate-limiting steps. • DPAA simultaneously formed inner- and outer-sphere complexes on siderite. • DPAA predominantly formed occluded inner-sphere complexes on magnetite. • Bidentate binuclear bond was identified for DPAA on siderite and magnetite. Diphenylarsinic acid (DPAA) is both the prime starting material and major metabolite of chemical weapons (CWs). Because of its toxicity and the widespread distribution of abandoned CWs in burial site, DPAA sorption by natural Fe minerals is of considerable interest. Here we report the first study on DPAA sorption by natural magnetite and siderite using macroscopic sorption kinetics, sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and microscopic extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (EXAFS). Our results show that the sorption pseudo-equilibrated in 60 minutes and that close to 50% and 20%–30% removal can be achieved for magnetite and siderite, respectively, at the initial DPAA concentrations of 4–100 mg/L. DPAA sorption followed pseudo-secondary and intra-particle diffusion kinetics models, and the whole process was mainly governed by intra-particle diffusion and chemical bonding. SEP and EXAFS results revealed that DPAA mainly formed inner-sphere complexes on magnetite (>80%), while on siderite it simultaneously resulted in outer-sphere and inner-sphere complexes. EXAFS analysis further confirmed the formation of inner-sphere bidentate binuclear corner-sharing complexes (²C) for DPAA. Comparison of these results with previous studies suggests that phenyl groups are likely to impact the sorption capacity and structure of DPAA by increasing steric hindrance or affecting the way the central arsenic (As) atom maintains charge balance. These results improve our knowledge of DPAA interactions with Fe minerals, which will help to develop remediation technology and predict the fate of DPAA in soil-water environments.     

铅暴露对中华大蟾蜍耳后腺分泌蟾蜍甾烯的影响

采用半静水式实验方法,研究Pb~(2+)暴露30 d对中华大蟾蜍(Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor)生理状态和耳后腺分泌蟾蜍甾烯水平的影响。结果表明,随Pb~(2+)浓度(0.68~5.46 mg·L~(-1))升高,蜕皮和自发活动减少,存活率下降。进一步采用液相-质谱检测技术发现,0.68 mg·L~(-1)Pb~(2+)暴露下,10种蟾蜍甾烯水平出现1.5倍以上变化。5.46 mg·L~(-1)Pb~(2+)暴露下,17种蟾蜍甾烯水平发生下调(1.5倍),其中bufarenogin水平显著下降(P0.05),其他物质水平与对照组无显著性差异。这说明Pb~(2+)暴露对蟾蜍耳后腺中蟾蜍甾烯物质具有潜在影响。     

Effect of TRF1 rs3863242 polymorphism on telomere length in omethoate-exposed workers

Abstract

Telomere length was found to be associated with omethoate exposure and polymorphisms in certain genes among occupational workers. However, whether the polymorphisms in telomere-binding protein genes influence telomere length remains unclear. To explore the correlation between telomere length and polymorphisms in telomere-binding protein genes, telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 180 omethoate-exposed workers and 115 healthy controls. Polymorphisms in 10 pairs of alleles were detected using flight mass spectrometry or polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. The results showed that individuals with GG genotype in TRF1 rs3863242 had longer telomere lengths than those with AG?+?AA genotype in the control group (p?=?0.005). The multiple regression analysis suggested that both omethoate exposure (b?=?0.526, p?<?0.001) and TRF1 rs3863242 GG (b?=?0.220, p?=?0.002) were related to a longer telomere length. In conclusion, GG genotype in TRF1 rs3863242 is linked to prolongation of telomere length, and individuals with GG genotype are recommended to strengthen health protection in a Chinese occupational omethoate-exposed population.     

熔盐蒸发器管板封口焊缝泄漏原因分析

某光热电站熔盐蒸发器入口侧管板封口焊缝发生泄漏,通过表面检测和观察,发现裂纹是从封口焊缝根部发展,并从根部向外扩展的。根据裂纹扩展方向和运行数据进行综合分析认为,熔盐蒸发器在未正确操作下导致在极短时间内管板下部表面升温过快,造成封口焊缝局部热应力过大。在焊缝残余应力、工作应力和热应力共同作用下,管板下部封口焊缝根部产生裂纹并扩展至焊缝表面,形成贯穿性裂纹,造成蒸发器管板泄漏。     

Research on targeted land poverty alleviation patterns based on the precise identification of dominant factors of rural poverty: a case study of Siyang County,Jiangsu Province,China

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Poverty is a common problem faced by various social and economic forms. Eliminating poverty is a major issue of common concern and research all over...     

钡盐共沉法处理酸性含铅废水

硫酸盐、氯化物复杂体系含铅酸性废水对环境的污染比较严重,并且不易处理.采用钡盐共沉法对含铅废水的处理进行研究,结果表明,钡盐共沉法可有效除去废水中的铅,但除铅效果受铅与废水中氯离子络合程度的影响,而受反应时间、温度、陈化时间的影响较小,容易实现工业化.采用钡盐共沉法处理硫酸盐氯化物复杂体系酸性废水.处理后的废水中含铅量远低于0.5 mg/L.     

强化活性炭处理工艺去除焦化厂生化出水中的氰化物

以某焦化厂生化出水为研究对象,考寨了金属负载活性炭(简称负载炭)和Fenton氧化预处理等强化活性炭工艺对总氰化物(TCN)的去除效果.在TCN批式实验中,对负载炭的金属离子种类和固定方式进行了考察,同时研究了接触时间、DO对游离氰(KCN配水)、络合氰(K3Fe(CN)6配水)及焦化厂生化出水中TCN的去除效果.结果表明,负载金属离子可以有效提高活性炭对TCN的去除量,KI固定后的载铜活性炭对TCN的去除更有效.吸附作用在活性炭去除TCN过程中起着主要作用,同时TCN在活性炭表面也发生缓慢的催化氧化反应.在穿透实验中,采用了小型炭柱穿透和微型快速穿透实验方法,得到的TCN穿透曲线基本相同.含不同比例原煤炭和负载炭的小型炭柱处理经Fenton氧化预处理的焦化厂生化出水时,在18 d的启动阶段后形成生物活性炭柱,其出水能长期达到<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB 18918-2002)规定的要求.载铜话性炭可以提高活性炭工艺对TCN的去除能力,确保处理全程(57 d)出水的TCN达标.     

序批式膜生物反应器(SMBR)处理生活污水的研究

实验模拟生活污水,考察了连续式膜生物反应器(continuous membrane bioreactor,CMBR)和序批式膜生物反器(sequencing batch membrane bioreactor,SMBR)的膜污染和污染物去除效果.结果表明CMBR和SMBR出水COD的平均浓度分别为15.42 mg/L和...     

用废弃印刷线路板制备粒状活性炭

以废旧印刷线路板非金属分离物为前躯体,经热解、成型、炭化和水蒸汽活化制备粒状活性炭.研究了热解温度对残碳收率的影响,煤焦油配比对成型碳强度的影响,活化反应条件对活性炭烧蚀率、比表面积和碘吸附值的影响.结果表明,随着热解温度的提高残碳收率下降;随着煤焦油配比增大,成型碳的强度呈现先增大后减少的趋势,成型碳机械强度最大时的...