Combined glassification of EAF dust and incinerator fly ash

Stainless steelmaking dust contains large amount of heavy metals, such as Cr and Ni. If these hazardous materials are not treated properly, they will cause detrimental secondary contamination. Preliminary study on recycling stainless steelmaking dust employed the thermal molten technology. Glass-ceramics were formed by combination stainless steel dust and incinerator fly ash with the ratio of 1:9. The major phases were Augite, Akermanite, and Donathite. It was found that the glass-ceramics shows the best characteristic at 900 degrees C after 5 h of heat treatment. This product can be used as building materials or refractory materials.     

Quantification of joint effect for hydrogen bond and development of QSARs for predicting mixture toxicity

A QSAR model is successfully proposed to predict the toxicity effect on Photobacterium phosphoreum by nonpolar-narcotic-chemical mixtures and/or polar-narcotic-chemical mixtures. For nonpolar-narcotic-chemical mixtures and polar-narcotic-chemical mixtures, their corresponding hydrophobicity-based QSAR models are derived from regression analysis. Comparison of these two QSAR models make us believe that it is the joint effect of hydrogen bond in polar-narcotic-chemical mixture that leads to the difference between these two models. Such joint effect of hydrogen bond can be quantified as AMH and BMH by using the different partition coefficients of mixtures in various organic phase/water systems. And the regression analysis results convinced us that the introduction of AMH does improve the quality of the QSAR model with r2=0.948, S.E.=0.166 and F=745.201 at P=0.000 for total 84 mixtures.     

柱生物曝气法吸附处理含铬废水

利用复合生物吸附剂FY01与活性污泥作为吸附材料，探讨了柱式生物曝气法对高浓度含铬电镀废水的生物吸附效果。研究结果表明，FY01性能稳定，耐进水pH冲击能力较强。当进水pH=2—5、流速为500mL／h时，10gFY01和5g活性污泥联合处理60．4mg／L含铬电镀废水2h后，铬的去除率达78％以上；在4℃冰箱和23—28℃实验室保存50d的FY01对铬的去除分别在78％～83％和77％-84％之间。柱式生物曝气吸附法对含铬废水的处理效果理想，运行稳定。串联处理2000mL总Cr、Cu^2＋和COD浓度分别为60．4、4．51和48．2mg／L的电镀废水2h后，去除率分别高达92．1％、99．2％和71．4％。     

青霉菌HHE-P7利用酱油废水产生微生物絮凝剂的研究

研究了微生物絮凝剂产生菌HHE-P7在酱油废水中产生微生物絮凝剂的絮凝特性。实验表明，酱油废水由于碳源丰富，是一种良好的培养基。HHE-P7菌最佳培养条件为：COD20000mg／L，K2HP041．0g／L，培养3d。最佳絮凝条件为在1L高岭土水中投加10～15mL微生物絮凝剂（MBF7），pH调至9，则絮凝率为90％以上；微生物絮凝荆在水系中主要起吸附架桥的作用。     

微絮凝-超滤工艺处理微污染水源水的中试研究

进行了微絮凝．超滤工艺处理微污染水源水的中试研究。试验结果表明：在微絮凝-超滤工艺中，相同混凝剂投加量（相同金属摩尔浓度）下铁盐比铝盐的混凝效果好；微絮凝-超滤工艺的最佳絮凝时间为120s左右；最佳混凝剂投加量为2．2mg／L（以Fe计）。微絮凝-超滤工艺在改善出水水质和缓解膜污染方面均优于直接超滤工艺。微絮凝-超滤工艺的出水水质均符合建设部《城市供水水质标准》（CJ／T206-2005）要求。     

Optimizing electron spin resonance detection of hydroxyl radical in water

The parameters affecting the electron spin resonance (ESR) detection of hydroxyl free radical in water are studied and optimized. The hydroxyl radical is generated by the Fenton reaction with iron (II) ammonium sulfate and hydrogen peroxide reacting in a phosphate buffer using N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitron as the spin trap. The concentrations of Fe²⁺, H₂O₂, and phosphate buffer are the parameters studied. The Taguchi method and the orthogonal experiment design were used to evaluate the effects of these parameters on the ESR signal intensity. By the analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio and the analysis of variance, the order of importance of the various parameters on the hydroxyl radical formation is determined for optimal ESR detection of hydroxyl radical. The results will help the development of water purification technologies using hydroxyl free radical as a green oxidant.     

Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of sediment metals in a highly industrialized coastal zone southwestern Taiwan

Spatial variations of Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the surface sediments from 34 stations of the Kaohsiung coastal zone southwestern Taiwan were studied to address the current pollution status, sediment quality, and potential ecological risk. The study revealed that the concentrations of sediment metals in Kaohsiung Harbor were alarmingly high compared to the other region of Kaohsiung coast. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the harbor sediments were as high as 351, 247, 1.93, 61.8, 60.9, and 940 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The current situation of metal pollution was assessed by different pollution indices and results showed moderate to severe enrichment of Cu, Hg, and Zn in the harbor sediments. According to the degree of contamination, pollution load index, and contamination severity index, the sediments from the inner Kaohsiung Harbor show high degree and high severity of metal contamination, while the rest of Kaohsiung coastal areas show uncontaminated or low-level pollution. Results of mean ERM quotient and potential ecological risk index also indicated that the harbor sediments posed a 49% probability of biological toxicity and very high ecological risk. The toxic units indicated that the negative biological effects of the six metals in the harbor sediments were Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Hg > Pb. In contrast to Kaohsiung Harbor as a trap where considerable amount of anthropogenic metal loadings accumulated in sediments, low metal concentrations were observed in most Kaohsiung coastal sediments. It probably resulted from the limited fine-grained sediment deposition. In the wave-dominated Kaohsiung coastal zone, fine-grained sediments associated with polluted metals tend to be easily resuspended and transported offshore via waves and wave-induced currents. The results of this study can provide valuable information for river and coastal zone management.

     

Fenton法降解垃圾渗滤液中的溶解性有机质

垃圾渗滤液是一种高浓度难降解废水,含有大量有毒物质和溶解性有机质（dissolved organic matter, DOM）,可生化性差。Fenton试剂（Fe2++H2O2）能产生活性极强的羟基自由基（·OH）,能快速氧化渗滤液中DOM和微量有机物质。本研究采用Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液,结果表明,在优化的处理条件下,渗滤液COD和TOC去除率分别为65%和42%,其中混凝作用去除的COD和TOC分别为20%和21%。进一步通过紫外可见光谱扫描、SUVA254、E3/E4等指标评价,发现Fenton法可以有效降低渗滤液中的DOM含量,大分子有机物的含量明显减少,而分子量小的有机物含量相对增加,反应体系中溶解性有机物分子量随着反应的进行而降低,腐殖化程度降低。利用GC-MS定性出渗滤液原液中47种有机物,该类有机物在Fenton反应后上清液中未再检出,但5种物质（邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己）酯、植酮、角鲨烯、麥角甾烷醇和二氢胆固醇）在沉淀的铁泥中检出。研究发现不同pH值、H2O2和Fe2+浓度条件下,残留的COD与DOM、TOC和UV254存在显著的相关关系（R2> 0.9）。本研究结果为改进垃圾渗滤液处理工艺和探索DOM在Fenton过程中的降解行为提供科学依据。     

微生物抗重金属毒性研究进展

不少重金属是微生物正常生长的必需元素 ,但是当重金属在菌体内浓度过高时 ,会对菌体产生毒性。微生物可通过细胞的表面富集与细胞膜成分的改变减小毒性的破坏 ,在重金属进一步的诱导下 ,菌体会产生由结构基因与调节基因组成的抗性基因 ,通过多途径的联合作用对重金属的毒性进行解毒     

生物技术在环境保护中的应用及前景

本文从废水、废气、固体废弃物处理及环境监测等几个方面介绍了生物技术在环境保护中的应用和研究进展 ,分析了生物处理工艺的特点及优越性 ,展望了生物技术未来的发展方向和前景