利用甘蔗渣制备微生物絮凝剂的预处理方法研究

通过对甘蔗渣进行不同的预处理,确定了提高纤维素酶糖化率和酱油曲霉发酵液絮凝率的方法.利用正交实验对固液比、颗粒粒径、溶剂浓度和预处理时间及其交互作用进行考察,确定较优的工艺方案.结果表明,在相同条件下,碱处理能够有效提高纤维素酶的糖化率,处理后甘蔗渣的酶解液中还原性糖浓度和酱油曲霉发酵液的絮凝率分别为3.46 g/L和...     

曝气强度对同时硝化反硝化（SND）脱氮过程中N2O排放的影响

为了控制污水脱氮中N2O排放,在不同曝气强度下研究了好氧硝化段同时硝化反硝化（SND）系统的N2O排放特性,并采用PCR—DGGE技术分析微生物群落特征。结果发现,随着曝气强度的增强,系统总氮去除率下降,但脱氮中N2O—N所占比例则上升,实验中从低到高3个曝气强度下,总氮去除率分别为80．01％、65．28％和58．62％,脱氮中N2O—N所占的比例为1．89％、7．84％和9．20％。PCR—DGGE分析显示,和低曝气强度下相比中、高曝气强度下系统微生物群落发生明显变化,但中曝气强度和高曝气强度下系统微生物群落表现出较高相似性。这表明,不同曝气强度下系统N2O排放受到氮素转化和微生物群落变化的影响。适宜曝气强度不仅提高总氮去除率,还可有效控制N2O排放。     

铁炭微电解法预处理超高盐榨菜腌制废水

超高盐榨菜腌制废水是高盐、高氮磷及高有机物废水,目前常采用生物方法进行处理,但因高污染物浓度及高盐度影响,处理效果不够理想;因此,选用铁炭微电解法对超高盐榨菜腌制废水进行预处理。通过静态烧杯实验,研究了反应时间、初始pH、铁炭体积比和铁水体积比对COD和氨氮去除率的影响。单因素实验的最佳处理条件：原水pH4～4．5,反应时间为30min,铁炭体积比为1：1,铁水体积比为2：1,出水COD和氨氮的去除率分别为57．29％和53．11％,盐度由原水的6．62％下降为3．63％,去除率达45．17％,pH由原水4．01升高为6．38。正交实验结果表明,影响COD和氨氮去除率的因素从大到小的顺序为：铁水体积比、初始pH、反应时间、铁炭体积比。实验表明,采用铁炭微电解法能够对超高盐榨菜腌制废水中的COD和氨氮进行有效去除,出水的pH升高和盐度下降,能满足后续生物处理的预处理要求。     

Associations between ambient high temperatures and suicide mortality: a multi-city time-series study in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Suicide prevention has become a public health issue of great concern. Previous studies proved that ambient temperature had an impact on suicide death,...     

Probabilistic health risk assessment of nitrosamines in drinking water of Shaoxing,Zhejiang, China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nitrosamines (NAms) are potent genotoxic and carcinogenic but widely detected in drinking water. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of...     

采用支持向量机算法优化电化学处理油田污水的工艺参数

采用支持向量机(SVM)算法,将Box-Behnken设计法与支持向量回归算法(SVR)实验参数优化软件相结合,优化电化学去除油田污水COD的工艺参数。通过量子粒子群算法对SVM算法参数进行优化,从建立的回归模型中找到工艺参数的全局最佳点:电解时间60 min,电解电流3 A,三维电极填充料中石英砂质量695 g。模型得到的COD理论最优去除率为92.48%,验证实验得到的COD去除率为91.43%。     

水环境中石油类物质分析方法探讨

在详述了国内外石油类分析方法的基础上,对各方法的适用范围、优缺点及可比性进行了深入分析,阐述了各类方法存在的共性问题,指出按照石油类物质毒性大小分别定量分析的方法将是未来的发展趋势。     

工业烟气氨法-络合法同时脱硫脱硝

在脱硫脱硝喷淋装置上采用氨法-络合法处理工业烟气。考察了吸收液pH、Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA浓度、初始烟气浓度、液气比对烟气同时脱硫脱硝效果的影响。实验结果表明:吸收液的酸碱度通过影响Fe(Ⅱ)与EDTA的络合形式进而影响NO去除率;SO_2去除率主要受吸收液pH和初始SO_2质量浓度的影响;当吸收液pH大于8、吸收液Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA浓度大于0.100 mol/L、初始SO_2质量浓度小于1 500 mg/m3、初始NO质量浓度为1 200 mg/m3时,SO_2去除率均在95%以上,NO去除率为54%;当液气比由1 L/m3增大至4 L/m3时,有效脱硫时间和有效脱硝时间分别增长了7 min和4 min。     

负载TiO2浮石对污水处理厂二沉池出水的矿化与灭菌研究

城市污水处理厂第二沉淀池出水的污染物浓度较低,经过矿化及灭菌等深度处理后可以回用,从而减轻对淡水资源的需求。本实验采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了负载TiO2的浮石光催化剂,对城市污水处理厂第二沉淀池出水进行了矿化及灭菌处理研究。采用低压汞灯对处理水样照射2h,有机物降解率可以达到50％,灭菌效率达到100％。处理后的水可以作为农作物灌溉、城市绿化和娱乐用水。负载在浮石表面的TiO2薄膜经过10次的光催化循环实验后,没有明显破损,可以再次循环使用。TiO2浮石具有质轻、机械性能好和价格低等优点,该方法处理废水的适用浓度低,可以广泛应用于微污染水和城市污水处理厂出水的深度处理。     

A highly resolved temporal and spatial air pollutant emission inventory for the Pearl River Delta region, China and its uncertainty assessment

A highly resolved temporal and spatial Pearl River Delta (PRD) regional emission inventory for the year 2006 was developed with the use of best available domestic emission factors and activity data. The inventory covers major emission sources in the region and a bottom–up approach was adopted to compile the inventory for those sources where possible. The results show that the estimates for SO₂, NO_x, CO, PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and VOC emissions in the PRD region for the year 2006 are 711.4 kt, 891.9 kt, 3840.6 kt, 418.4 kt, 204.6 kt, and 1180.1 kt, respectively. About 91.4% of SO₂ emissions were from power plant and industrial sources, and 87.2% of NO_x emissions were from power plant and mobile sources. The industrial, mobile and power plant sources are major contributors to PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 emissions, accounting for 97.7% of the total PM₁₀ and 97.2% of PM_2.5 emissions, respectively. Mobile, biogenic and VOC product-related sources are responsible for 90.5% of the total VOC emissions. The emissions are spatially allocated onto grid cells with a resolution of 3 km × 3 km, showing that anthropogenic air pollutant emissions are mainly distributed over PRD central-southern city cluster areas. The preliminary temporal profiles were established for the power plant, industrial and on-road mobile sources. There is relatively low uncertainty in SO₂ emission estimates with a range of −16% to +21% from power plant sources, medium to high uncertainty for the NO_x emissions, and high uncertainties in the VOC, PM_2.5, PM₁₀ and CO emissions.