粤港澳大湾区典型化工场地苯系物污染特征及迁移规律

以粤港澳大湾区某典型化工污染场地为例,共采集了247个土壤样品和20个地下水样品,探讨了场地苯系物的污染分布特征,利用GMS分别从水平和垂直方向模拟分析了该场地苯系物在土壤与地下水的污染迁移扩散规律.结果表明,场地土壤样品中苯、乙苯、间,对-二甲苯、邻-二甲苯超筛选值,其中苯系物超筛选值的土壤样品主要集中在0. 5～4 m深度范围;地下水样品中苯、乙苯、间,对-二甲苯和邻-二甲苯超标较严重,最大超标倍数分别为140. 00、101. 33、212. 00和103. 40倍,主要分布在浅层地下水.地下水中的苯污染物在水平方向主要以对流/弥散运移方式从西北往东南方向迁移,而在垂向上浮苯主要集中在地下水面处,溶解态苯主要在水动力作用下迁移.模拟验证分析结果表明,MT3D模型能较准确地反映场地苯系物的空间分布和迁移特征,可为粤港澳大湾区化工类污染场地的精准化管控与修复提供科学指导.     

Marine aquaculture regulates dissimilatory nitrate reduction processes in a typical semi-enclosed bay of southeastern China

Marine aquaculture in semi-enclosed bays can significantly influence nutrient cycling in coastal ecosystems. However, the impact of marine aquaculture on the dynamics of dissimilatory nitrate reduction processes (DNRPs) and the fate of reactive nitrogen remain poorly understood. In this study, the rates of DNRPs and the abundances of related functional genes were investigated in aquaculture and non-aquaculture areas. The results showed that marine aquaculture significantly increased the denitrification (DNF) and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) rates and decreased the rate of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANA), as compared with non-aquaculture sites. DNF was the dominant pathway contributing to the total nitrate reduction, and its contribution to the total nitrate reduction significantly increased from 66.72% at non-aquaculture sites to 78.50% at aquaculture sites. Marine aquaculture can significantly affect the physicochemical characteristics of sediment and the abundances of related functional genes, leading to variations in the nitrate reduction rates. Although nitrate removal rates increased in the marine aquaculture area, ammonification rates and the nitrogen retention index in the aquaculture areas were 2.19 and 1.24 times, respectively, higher than those at non-aquaculture sites. Net reactive nitrogen retention exceeded nitrogen removal in the aquaculture area, and the retained reactive nitrogen could diffuse with the tidal current to the entire bay, thereby aggravating N pollution in the entire study area. These results show that marine aquaculture is the dominant source of nitrogen pollution in semi-enclosed bays. This study can provide insights into nitrogen pollution control in semi-enclosed bays with well-developed marine aquaculture.     

Co-metabolic and biochar-promoted biodegradation of mixed PAHs by highly efficient microbial consortium QY1

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), typical representatives of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), have become ubiquitous in the environment. In this study, a novel microbial consortium QY1 that performed outstanding PAHs-degrading capacity has been enriched. The degradation characteristics of single and mixed PAHs treated with QY1 were studied, and the effect of biochar on biodegradation of mixed PAHs and the potential of biochar in PAHs-heavy metal combined pollution bioremediation were also investigated. Results showed that, in single substrate system, QY1 degraded 94.5% of 500 mg/L phenanthrene (PHE) and 17.8% of 10 mg/L pyrene (PYR) after 7 days, while in PHE-PYR mixture system, the biodegradation efficiencies of PHE (500 mg/L) and PYR (10 mg/L) reached 94.0% and 96.2%, respectively, since PHE served as co-metabolic substrate to have significantly improved PYR biodegradation. Notably, with the cooperation of biochar, the biodegradations of PHE and PYR were greatly accelerated. Further, biochar could reduce the adverse impact of heavy metals (Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cr₂O₇^2?) on PYR biodegradation remarkably. The sequencing analysis revealed that Methylobacterium, Burkholderia and Stenotrophomonas were the dominant genera of QY1 in almost all treatments, indicating that these genera might play key roles in PAHs biodegradation. Overall, this study provided new insights into the efficient bioremediation of PAHs-contaminated site.     

饵料加标研究二甲苯麝香在鱼体内的蓄积和清除能力

二甲苯麝香(musk xylene,MX)是一种人造麝香,具有强烈的麝香气,可用作化妆品香精和皂用香精等的定香剂。由于其持续不断地输入环境,它们在水、土壤、大气中的浓度逐渐升高,并且在动物和人体组织中产生了蓄积,其蓄积效应相当于有机氯农药(organochlorine pesticides,OCPs)等持久性有机污染物,因而研究MX在鱼体内的蓄积特征是十分必要的。本文用含浓度为50 mg·kg-1和100 mg·kg-1的MX的饵料投喂斑马鱼(Danio rerio)和稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)14 d,继而进入为期28 d的清除实验。通过快速溶剂萃取(accelerated solvent extraction,ASE)、凝胶渗透色谱(gel permeation chromatography,GPC)、气相色谱-质谱联用法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)测定斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫体内MX的浓度,继而评估鱼对MX的清除能力。结果表明,饵料中MX浓度越高,鱼体内MX的蓄积水平越高,100 mg·kg-1浓度组的蓄积水平为50 mg·kg-1浓度组的蓄积水平的2~3倍。在整个试验阶段的不同时间点分析鱼的体重和脂肪与鱼体内MX浓度的关系,数据显示,MX在鱼体内的蓄积水平与鱼的体重存在正线性关系,而与鱼体内脂肪含量的关系还有待进一步研究。经28 d的清除,鱼体内的MX残留量接近于零,说明斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫对MX的清除能力较强。     

石油降解菌XD-1产表面活性剂的性能

从含油废水中筛选分离到1株原油降解菌XD-1,鉴定为假单胞菌（Pseuomonas sp.）.初步实验表明菌XD-1具有较强的产表面活性剂乳化原油的作用,对该菌的产表面活性剂性能进行了研究.实验证明,菌XD-1所产表面活性剂为脂肽类物质,菌在生长对数期产表面活性剂,表面活性剂的产生为生长相关型;充足的碳源是产表面活性剂的必需条件,菌利用原油为碳源时能持续大量地产表面活性剂;原油和尿素为产表面活性剂的最适碳源和氮源,菌XD-1产表面活性剂的最佳营养培养基组成为葡萄糖10 g,尿素4 g,磷酸二氢钾1 g,微量元素液4 mL,水1 L,pH 8.0.     

Fabrication of PVA/GO Nanofiber Films by Electrospinning: Application for the Adsorption of Cu2+ and Organic Dyes

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In recent years, the treatment of water pollution has been a challenging and far-reaching topic. In order to improve the adsorption performance of...     

Biocompatible self-healing hydrogels based on boronic acid-functionalized polymer and laponite nanocomposite for water pollutant removal

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Global water pollution by organic dyes and metals may be solved by adsorption. In particular, hydrogel adsorbents display unique...     

Acute lead acetate induces neurotoxicity through decreased synaptic plasticity-related protein expression and disordered dendritic formation in nerve cells

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Lead (Pb) is a widespread environmental heavy metal that can damage the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and reduce the learning and memory ability in...     

Vitamin D mediates the association between acrylamide hemoglobin biomarkers and obesity

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Mediation analysis aims to discover the role of intermediate variables from exposure to disease. The current study was performed to evaluate how...     

Inactivation of E. coli and Streptococcus agalactiae by UV/persulfate during marine aquaculture disinfection

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Sulfate radical (?SO4?)–based advanced oxidation processes have attracted a great deal of attention for use in water disinfection...