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521.
Ping Li Yong Cai Yongguang Yin Xin Zheng Jing Wang Chuanbing Zhang Yong Zhang Doudou Huang Shuxiao Yan Tengfei Sun Yuxiang Mao Xinbin Feng Shuxiao Wang Huan Zhong 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,119(9):130-138
Current knowledge about the transformation of total mercury and methylmercury (MeHg) in aerobic composting process is limited. In this study, the composition and transformation of mercury and dissovled organic matter (DOM) in aerobic composting process of municipal sewage sludge were were comprehensively characterized, and the differences among the three C/N ratio (20, 26 and 30) were investigated. The main form of mercury in C/N 20 and 26 was organo-chelated Hg (F3, 46%-60%); while the main form of mercury in C/N 30 was mercuric sulfide (F5, 64%-70%). The main component of DOM in C/N 20 and 26 were tyrosine-like substance (C1, 53%-76%) while the main fractions in C/N 30 were tyrosine-like substance (C1, 28%-37%) and fulvic-like substance (C2, 17%-39%). The mercury and DOM varied significantly during the 9 days composting process. Compared to C/N 20 and 26, C/N 30 produced the less MeHg after aerobic composting process, with values of 658% (C/N 20), 1400% (C/N 26) and 139% (C/N 30) of the initial, respectively. Meanwhile, C/N 30 produced the best compost showed greater degree of DOM molecular condensation and humification. Hg fraction had been altered by DOM, as indicated by a significant correlation between mercury species and DOM components. Notably, C/N 30 should be used as an appropriate C/N ratio to control the methylation processes of mercury and degration of DOM. 相似文献
522.
Hui Liu Yongguang Yin Fenghua Shen Shudan He Junyuan Li Cao Liu Kaisong Xiang Yong Cai Xinbin Feng Shuxiao Wang Huan Zhong Ping Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,119(9):44-49
The presence of SO2 display significant effect on the mercury (Hg) adsorption ability of carbon-based sorbent. Yet the adsorption and oxidation of SO2 on carbon with oxygen group, as well as the roles of different sulfur oxide groups in Hg adsorption have heretofore been unclear. The formation of sulfur oxide groups by SO2 and their effects on Hg adsorption on carbon was detailed examined by the density functional theory. The results show that SO2 can be oxidized into SO3 by oxygen group on carbon surface. Both C-SO2 and C-SO3 can improve Hg adsorption on carbon site, while the promotive effect of C-SO2 is stronger than C-SO3. Electron density difference analyses reveal that sulfur oxide groups enhance the charge transfer ability of surface unsaturated carbon atom, thereby improving Hg adsorption. The experimental results confirm that surface active groups formed by SO2 adsorption is more active for Hg adsorption than the groups generated by SO3. 相似文献
523.
Peng Liang Yongguang Yin Huawei Zhang Yifan Zhou Ting Liu Xiaopeng Tian Yuhan Zhang Juan Wang Mingzhu Zhang Thipphasone Phoutthavong Yong Cai Xinbin Feng Shuxiao Wang Huan Zhong Ping Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,119(9):23-32
Co-pyrolysis of coal and seaweed can not only effectively decrease the carbon footprint but also improve the quality and output of coal pyrolysis products, however, the influence of seaweed on thermal releasing behaviors of mercury during co-pyrolysis process are still unclear. In this work, the chlorella and Guizhou bituminous coal were mixed and used to reveal the mercury release behavior during co-pyrolysis by the temperature programmed pyrolysis experiments, thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG) and thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS) methods, offering a sufficient explanation on the control technology of mercury pollutants in co-pyrolysis. The results exhibited that a large amount of reducing gases such as CO, H2 and H2O were generated in chlorella at the temperature range of 100-500°C, which was favorable for the transformation from oxidized mercury to elemental mercury, thus remarkably increased the release of elemental mercury in the raw coal sample. The mixed chlorella also significantly lowered the decomposition temperature range (from 400-600 to 300-400°C) of pyrite-bound mercury and decreased the decomposition temperatures of the pyrite-bound mercury species. Additionally, in the co-pyrolysis about 91.82% of mercury was released into the gas phase below 400°C and was 13.77% higher than that of in individual pyrolysis of coal. 相似文献
524.
Wu Xiaosong Chen Yin Wang Ling Guo Xiling Cui Lunbiao Shen Yiming Li Fang Sun Hong Zhang Liubo Shen Jin Xu Yan 《Food and environmental virology》2022,14(1):101-104
Food and Environmental Virology - To prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in cold-chain transportation in China, we developed specific cryogenic disinfectants. Carrier tests were performed against... 相似文献
525.
突出的水污染问题严重影响生态系统供水服务,针对现有研究对水质影响和供水价值的评估考虑不足,尚无法将水质、供水服务及其价值与管理措施相联系,难以满足水资源和水环境管理的决策需求等问题,综合考虑水资源和水环境,建立了水质水量-供水服务-供水价值的联系,应用于厦门市生态系统供水服务评估并提出管理建议.采用SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型模拟水量,引入主要污染物超标当量和水质当量的概念评估水质,采用市场价值法和环境恢复成本法评估其价值.结果表明:2015年厦门市生态系统供水量为9.26×108 m3,供水价值量为14.82×108元,比2010年分别增加了1.77×108 m3和2.60×108元.2015年和2010年厦门市水质恶化导致供水价值量分别损失0.31×108和0.27×108元.厦门市供水服务具有较强的时空异质性和水体差异性,发掘潜力较大,受到总体下降的水质影响,建议从提升水源涵养能力和改善水质这两方面入手开展研究,以提升供水服务.该研究方法操作简单,评估结果易于比较和被决策者理解,但对经济发展程度的影响和水质定价考虑不足,在今后研究中应将地方经济发展程度纳入评估体系,并修正水污染处理成本. 相似文献
526.
Liang Yuan Yan Yin Hui Xiao Jian Hao Kui Chen Xingna Yu Xiaoling Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(9):21-38
In-situ measurements of aerosol optical properties were conducted at Mt. Huang from September 23 to October 28, 2012. Low averages of 82.2, 10.9, and 14.1 Mm~(-1) for scattering coefficient(σ_(sp, neph, 550)), hemispheric backscattering coefficient(σ_(hbsp, neph, 550)), and absorption coefficient(σ_(ap, 550)), respectively, were obtained. Atmospheric aging process resulted in the increase of σap, 550 but the decrease of the single scattering albedo(ω_(550)) at constant aerosol concentration. However, the proportion of non-light-absorbing components(non-BCs) was getting higher during the aging process, resulting in the increase of aerosol diameter, which also contributed to relatively higher σ_(sp, neph, 550) and ω_(550). Diurnal cycles of σ_(sp, neph, 550) and σ_(ap, 550) with high values in the morning and low values in the afternoon were observed closely related to the development of the planetary boundary layer and the mountain-valley breeze. BC mixing state, represented by the volume fraction of externally mixed BC to total BC(r), was retrieved by using the modified Mie model.The results showed r reduced from about 70% to 50% when the externally mixed non-BCs were considered. The periodical change and different diurnal patterns of r were due to the atmospheric aging and different air sources under different synoptic systems. Local biomass burning emissions were also one of the influencing factors on r. Aerosol radiative forcing for different mixing state were evaluated by a "two-layer-single-wavelength" model,showing the cooling effect of aerosols weakened with BC mixing state changing from external to core-shell mixture. 相似文献
527.
Baofa Yin Chen Gu Yi Lu Ibrahim M. Hegab Shengmei Yang Aiqin Wang Wanhong Wei 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2017,104(7-8):64
Prey species show specific adaptations that allow recognition, avoidance, and defense against predators. This study was undertaken to investigate the processing of a chronic, life-threatening stimulus to Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus). One hundred forty-four Norway rats were tested by repeated presentation of cat urine for 1 h at different days in a defensive withdrawal apparatus. Rats exposed to urine for short periods showed significantly larger defensive behavioral and medial hypothalamic c-fos messenger RNA (mRNA) responses than other groups. These defensive responses habituated shortly after the presentation of cat urine. Serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone increased significantly when animals were repeatedly exposed to cat urine. However, the hormonal responses took longer to habituate than the behavioral and molecular responses did. We conclude that the behavioral and c-fos mRNA responses are “primed” for habituation to repeated exposures to cat urine, while the hormonal responses show “resistance.” The results support our hypothesis that the strongest anti-predator responses at three levels would occur during short-term exposure to cat urine and that these responses would subsequently disappear on prolonged exposure. This study assists understanding the way in which the different levels of defensive responses are integrated and react during chronic stress. 相似文献
528.
Surface junctions between Bi OBr and BiVO_4 were synthesized. The BiOBr/BiVO_4 with 1 wt.%of Bi OBr exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity in the degradation of Rh B under visible-light irradiation. It was found that the highly efficient adsorption of Rh B molecules via the electrostatic attraction between Br-and cationic \N(Et)_2 group played a key role for the high photocatalytic activities of BiOBr/BiVO_4. This efficient adsorption promoted the N-deethylation of Rh B and thus accelerated the photocatalytic degradation of Rh B.Moreover, the metal-to-metal charge transfer(MMCT) mechanism was proposed, which revealed the concrete path paved with Bi–O–Bi chains for the carrier migration in BiOBr/BiVO_4. The interaction between photoexcited Rh B* and the Bi~(3+) in BiVO_4 provided the driving force for the migration of photo-generated carriers along the Bi–O–Bi chains. This work has not only demonstrated the important role of efficient adsorption in the photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants, but also developed a facile strategy to improve the efficiency of photocatalysts. 相似文献
529.
Since the launch of its first satellite in 1972, the Landsat program has operated continuously for more than forty years. A large data archive collected by the Landsat program sig-nificantly benefits both the academic community and society. Thermal imagery from Landsat sensors, provided with relatively high spatial resolution, is suitable for monitoring urban thermal environment. Growing use of Landsat data in monitoring urban thermal environment is demonstrated by increasing publications on this subject, especially over the last decade. Urban thermal environment is usually delineated by land surface temperature (LST). However, the quantitative and accurate estimation of LST from Landsat data is still a challenge, especially for urban areas. This paper will discuss the main challenges for urban LST retrieval, including urban surface emissivity, atmospheric correction, radiometric calibration, and validation. In addition, we will discuss general challenges confronting the continuity of quantitative applications of Landsat observations. These challenges arise mainly from the scan line corrector failure of the Landsat 7 ETM + and channel differences among sensors. Based on these investigations, the concerns are to: (1) show general users the limitation and possible uncertainty of the retrieved urban LST from the single thermal channel of Landsat sensors; (2) emphasize efforts which should be done for the quantitative applications of Landsat data; and (3) understand the potential challenges for the continuity of Landsat observation (i.e., thermal infrared) for global change monitoring, while several climate data record programs being in progress. 相似文献
530.
在桂林市2013年机动车保有量数据的基础上,参考清华大学开发的中国多尺度大气污染排放清单模型(MEIC)中的排放因子,估算流动源对大气细颗粒物的贡献。结果表明:桂林市区和桂林3大区域的流动源PM_(2.5)排放量分别为71.96和118.87t;按使用的燃料来分,柴油燃料对桂林市区和桂林3大区域PM_(2.5)贡献率较大,分别为94.07%和90.44%;按机动车类型来分,桂林市区和桂林3大区域的流动源PM_(2.5)主要贡献车型均为重型载货车、大型载客车、中型载货车,3大车型PM_(2.5)贡献率之和均超过80%。 相似文献