渗滤液回灌条件下生化反应器填埋场水分运移数值模拟

渗滤液回灌的填埋场生化反应器具有减少渗滤液处理难度、加速填埋场稳定化的作用,其中控制填埋场水分是研究的关键.通过对填埋场水分运移特征的分析,建立了渗滤液回灌条件下,生化反应器填埋场水分迁移的饱和-非饱和三维非稳定数学模型,并求其有限单元数值解,以此定量模拟和预报不同回灌条件下填埋场水分的时空分布规律并进行实用研究,从而可为生化反应器填埋场的设计和运行提供理论依据.     

浅析大型浮顶油罐雷击火灾的原因及处置

通过浮顶油罐密封结构优缺点的分析,找出浮顶油罐油气存在的空间及形成爆炸燃烧的原因,并结合实际提出了改进措施及浮顶油罐的火灾处置方法。     

藻类水华的化学控制研究

本文报道了在湖泊现场用围隔生态系统对藻类进行化学控制的研究。结果表明,0.20—0.30mg/L的Cu~(2+)能有效控制微囊藻水华(Microcystis)的生长;铁盐作为杀藻剂的增效剂,能够有效地提高铜盐的除藻效果。     

浅议亳州市水环境及其防治对策

从城乡居民生活用水现状、农业生产用水状况、工业生产用水状况等方面分析探讨了亳州市水环境现状,指出诸多方面存在的问题：水资源总量、地表水、地下水的开采利用及水污染,提出了防治对策：开源节流、建立节水型社会、做好中长期水资源发展规划、防治水污染,保护水环境、加快生态工程投资力度、搞好生态恢复和补偿。     

Identification of long-range transport pathways and potential sources of PM2.5 and PM10 in Beijing from 2014 to 2015

Trajectory clustering, potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) methods were applied to investigate the transport pathways and identify potential sources of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in different seasons from June 2014 to May 2015 in Beijing. The cluster analyses showed that Beijing was affected by trajectories from the south and southeast in summer and autumn. In winter and spring, Beijing was not only affected by the trajectories from the south and southeast, but was also affected by trajectories from the north and northwest. In addition, the analyses of the pressure profile of backward trajectories showed that backward trajectories, which have important influence on Beijing, were mainly distributed above 970 hPa in summer and autumn and below 950 hPa in spring and winter. This indicates that PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were strongly affected by the near surface air masses in summer and autumn and by high altitude air masses in winter and spring. Results of PSCF and CWT analyses showed that the largest potential source areas were identified in spring, followed by winter and autumn, then summer. In addition, potential source regions of PM₁₀ were similar to those of PM_2.5. There were a clear seasonal and spatial variation of the potential source areas of Beijing and the airflow in the horizontal and vertical directions. Therefore, more effective regional emission reduction measures in Beijing''s surrounding provinces should be implemented to reduce emissions of regional sources in different seasons.     

新兴污染物BP-3和BP-4的好氧生物降解性能

采用欧洲经济合作与发展组织（OECD）的生物降解测试标准方法——301F测压呼吸计量法,考察了2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮（BP-3）和2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮-5-磺酸（BP-4）的好氧生物降解性能,并研究了降解动力学及共代谢现象。实验结果表明：BP-3和BP-4的可生物降解率分别为68.36%和41.34%;根据OECD快速降解性判定标准,BP-3划归为易快速降解物质,而BP-4为不易快速降解物质;两种物质的生物降解可用一级动力学描述,半衰期分别为1.986 d和2.806 d;根据欧盟法规《化学品的注册、评估、授权和限制》（REACH法规）,BP-3和BP-4均非持久性物质;与苯甲酸钠共存时,BP-3和BP-4的降解过程均表现出共代谢现象。     

废钻井液固液分离处理用化学剂性能评价

为了满足废钻井液固液分离处理要求,通过试验优化出两种无机破胶剂,同时对该处理用化学剂的性能进行了详细的评价。结果表明,所合成阳离子聚合物与无机破胶剂配伍使用可以保证滤出液具有较好的透明性,且具有良好的协同增效作用。用滤出液配制处理液进行反复处理,效果同用清水配制处理液处理相当,可节约处理费用。     

A system dynamics approach for regional environmental planning and management: a study for the Lake Erhai Basin

In recent years, water-quality deterioration associated with rapid socio-economic development in the Lake Erhai Basin, China, has acquired more and more attention from the public and the government. An effective planning for the basin's environmental management system is desired for sustainable regional development. In this study, an environmental system dynamics model, named ErhaiSD, is developed for supporting this planning task. The ErhaiSD consists of dynamic simulation models that explicitly consider information feedback that governs interactions in the system. Such models are capable of synthesizing component-level knowledge into system behaviour simulation at an integrated level. This capability is very useful in analyzing and recommending policy decisions. For the study case, interactions among a umber of system components within a time frame of 15 years are examined dynamically. Four planning alternatives are considered. The base run is based on an assumption that the existing pattern of human activities will prevail in the entire planning horizon, and the other alternatives are based on previous planning studies. The contributions of various nonpoint pollution sources to the lake's eutrophication problems, and the effects of industrial activities and wastewater treatment processes on pollution problems in the Xier River are analyzed through the developed modeling system. The exercise draws attention to the implications of different alternatives to the system's environmental and socio-economic objectives. The modeling results are directly useful for simulating and evaluating a variety of decision actions and their dynamic consequences, and answering questions such as 'What should I do?', 'What if I do?' and 'What are the expected consequences?'.     

我国矿产资源的合理开发利用

我国是世界上矿产资源总量丰富、种类较齐全的国家之一。由于人口众多,矿产资源人均占有量不到世界人均占有量的1/2。作者根据中国的矿情提出立足国内,合理利用国内、国外两种资源;增产与节约并重,提高矿产品深加工,加强综合利用,重视二次资源的回收,增加地勘投资,加强地勘工作。     

基于分区的多目的地TCM模型及其在游憩资源价值评估中的应用——以九寨沟自然保护区为例

作为评估户外游憩价值的经典方法,旅行费用法穴TCM雪主要存在3种基本模型,即分区旅行费用法穴ZTCM雪、个人旅行费用法穴ITCM雪和随机效用法穴RUM雪。尽管这3种模型在理论和实践上都已相当成熟,却均无非常完善的方法来解决广为存在的多目的地环程旅行问题,致使该问题成为TCM研究应用中的难点和热点。论文根据九寨沟的实际情况,首次提出应用基于分区的多目的地TCM模型穴MZTC雪来评估九寨沟的游憩价值,得到2002年九寨沟自然保护区的总游憩价值为15.61×108元,人均1246.10元;其中消费者剩余为4.71×108元,人均375.92元,与国外最新游憩价值综述研究的结果非常接近。