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971.
Organic chemicals usually coexist as a mixture in the environment, and the mixture toxicity of organic chemicals has received increased attention. However, research regarding the joint effects of reactive chemicals is lacking. In this study, we examined two kinds of reactive chemicals, cyanogenic toxicants and aldehydes and determined their joint effects on Photobacterium phosphoreum. Three factors were found to influence the joint effects of multicomponent mixtures containing reactive chemicals, including the number of components, the dominating components and the toxic ratios. With an increased number of components, the synergistic or antagonistic effects (interactions) will weaken to the additive effects (non-interactions) if the added component cannot yield a much stronger joint effect with an existing component. Contrarily, the joint effect of the mixture may become stronger instead of weaker if the added components can yield a much stronger joint effect than the existing joint effect of the multicomponent mixture. The components that yield the strongest interactions in their binary mixture can be considered the dominating components. These components contribute more to the interactions of multicomponent mixtures than other components. Moreover, the toxic ratios also influence the joint effects of the mixtures. This study provides an insight into what are the main factors and how they influence the joint effects of multicomponent mixtures containing reactive chemicals, and thus, the findings are beneficial to the study of mixture toxicology. 相似文献
972.
通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出可漂浮于水面的膨胀珍珠岩(EP)负载型TiO2,研究其在水中对罗丹明B(RB)的去除效果、吸附降解动力学以及最佳工艺条件,并研究其多次回收再生后的降解效果。结果表明,浸渍3次的负载型TiO2光催化活性最高,回收5次后活性变化很小,降解率下降不到8%;光催化剂用量为0.2 g,20 mL初始浓度为10 mg/L和15mg/L RB溶液光照6 h后降解率分别达98%和74%。在实验浓度范围内,该光催化反应可用一级反应动力学方程描述。 相似文献
973.
为了实现城市污水厂二级出水的回用,将La3+、Fe3+共掺杂TiO2/浮石光催化用于二级出水中有机物的去除。在优化工艺条件下,该方法对TOC的去除率为49.0%,对UV254的去除率为76.5%;出水BDOC/DOC值大幅度提高,由最初的0.21提高到0.56,增加了出水的可生化性;二级出水中存在着影响光催化去除有机物的因素,其中阴离子对有机物的去除有一定的抑制作用;光催化反应在通过O3强化后对有机物的去除率得到提高,TOC的去除率达到75.0%,光催化和O3氧化对有机物的去除具有协同效应;随着光催化反应次数的增加,催化剂活性有下降趋势,使用10次后TOC去除率下降到第一次使用时的16.7%,再生能够使催化活性恢复到使用前的95%,催化剂在使用15次以内稳定性较好。 相似文献
974.
975.
JZ9-3油田含聚采油污水粘度高、稳定性强,严重影响到现场污水处理流程和设备的运行。为解决这一问题,通过对JZ9-3油田污水处理流程和单元设备的模拟,进行了现场3种净水剂和不同含聚量的含油污水对斜管除油器、气浮选器和过滤器的影响研究。阳离子型净水剂BHQ-203和ICA的除油效果较阴离子型净水剂BHQ-08的除油效果好,能起吸附电中和及架桥作用,斜管除油器处理不同含聚含油污水后其含油量由263.2 mg/L下降到20.73 mg/L,气浮选器的除油率9%~34%,过滤器在进水含油较低(<50 mg/L)的情况下,起到强化除油的作用;含聚量增加,过滤后悬浮物量呈下降趋势,过滤困难,含聚量达到一定值(>600 mg/L)后无法分析悬浮物量;斜管除油器、气浮选器和过滤器出口水样的ζ电位值在-22.5~-42 mV,随含聚量的增加而变小,污水稳定性增加。研究结果用以指导现场工艺设备的改造。 相似文献
976.
977.
在2008年和2009年对杭州地区17个大中型水库进行了调查。结果表明:杭州地区大中型水库水质不容乐观,按照单因子指标评价法,只有3个水库符合Ⅱ类水体标准,2个水库符合Ⅲ类水体标准,2个水库为Ⅳ类水体,3个水库为Ⅴ类水体,其余7个水库均为劣Ⅴ类水体,定类指标均是总氮。根据综合营养状态指数结果:丰水期2个水库处于贫营养状态,13个水库处于中营养状态,2个水库处于轻度富营养状态;枯水期16个水库处于中营养状态,1个水库处于中度富营养状态。总氮和总磷作为营养物质是这些水库富营养化的主要影响因素。位于山区源头地区的水库水质最好,位于平原城乡附近的水库其次,位于城市下游及城区附近的水库水质最差 相似文献
978.
青竹江水环境耗氧污染物含量分布特征及质量评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对青竹江水环境中耗氧污染物(CODCr、BOD5和NH3-N)含量分布特征进行了探讨,并对青竹江的水质质量进行评价。结果表明,青竹江从上游到下游水体中污染物含量为增加趋势,在时间上也存在一定的变化,枯水期水体中污染物含量高于平水期和丰水期,目前青竹江综合水质可满足Ⅱ类水质标准要求。 相似文献
979.
The effects of snow regimes (including the depth and duration of snow cover) on soil N dynamics and microbial activity in situ were explored in the alpine belt of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Deeper snow-cover reduced NH 4 + -N content, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, fungi count, and enzyme activities, whereas did not change net N mineralization. No differences in N pools in the soil, microbial biomass, microbial counts, and enzyme activity were found under the different duration of snow cover, showing that accumulation and release in soil N pools did not be significantly changed by earlier continuous snow cover. 相似文献
980.
Aerobic biodegradation of decabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-209) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa under the influence of co-metabolic substrates and heavy metal cadmium ion was studied, The results showed that certain amount of co-metabolic substrates, such as glucose, sucrose, lactose, starch, and beef extract, would promote the biodegradation of PBDE-209, among which glucose most favorably accelerated PBDE-209 degradation by about 36% within 5 d. The highest degradation efficiency was reached at the ratio of PBDE-209 and glucose 1:5 while excessive carbon source would actually hamper the degradation efficiency. Exploration of influences of cadmium ion on PBDE-209 biodegradation indicated that degradation efficiency was stimulated at low concentrations of Cd2+ (0.5–2 mg L−1) while inhibited at higher levels (5–10 mg L−1), inferring that the heavy metals of different concentrations possessed mixed reactions on PBDE-209 bioremoval. Bromine ion was produced during the biotransformation process and its concentration had a good negative correlation with the residues of PBDE-209. Two nonabromodiphenyl ethers (PBDE-208, PBDE-207), four octabromodiphenyl ethers (PBDE-203, PBDE-202, PBDE-197, PBDE-196) and one heptabromodiphenyl ethers (PBDE-183) were formed with the decomposition of PBDE-209, demonstrating that the main aerobic transformation mechanism of PBDE-209 was debromination. 相似文献