BAF+过滤在炼油污水回用中的应用

采用BAF＋过滤处理炼油污水，CODcr石油类、氨氮、SS去除率可以达到51．8％、62．8％、75％、100％，在BAF进水指标符合GB8978—1996污水综合排放标准一级标准，处理后出水指标可以达到CODcr≯55mg／L，Oil≯2m/L，NH3-N≯5mg／L,SS≯1mg／L，达到中石化循环水补充水标准。     

我国城市垃圾综合治理现状及其发展方向

本文在分析我国城市垃圾治理现状的同时，从清洁生产、资源化角度探讨其发展前景，阐述了垃圾综合整治的若干对策。     

天津污水海洋处置工程的可行性研究

本文对天津市２８个陆源污染物排海口进行调查分析，在天津海域进行了较大范围的实地监测取得了大量的有关潮汐、余流场、水位及各种污染物２场的资料，建立了多种水质模型。在此基础上结合天津近岸海域独特的地理位置及地形地貌进行经济、环境、效益的综合分析，为渤海典型海域实施污水海洋处置工程的可靠性提供了可借鉴的依据。     

杂交油菜施用粉煤灰磁化肥的效应

通过对杂交油菜施用粉煤灰磁化复合肥的试验研究,初步探明了粉煤灰磁化复合肥较同等N、P、K的复混肥,未磁化粉煤灰复合肥及当地群众习惯施肥法有显著的增产效果.试验表明,粉煤灰磁化肥在油菜上一般用量为757.58kg/hm2左右.粉煤灰磁化肥比对照增产21.9%,比当地农民习惯施肥措施增产10.5%;比等量N、P、K混合肥增产9.9%,增产180kg/hm2.比未磁化粉煤灰复混肥增产4.5%.最高产量施用粉煤灰磁化肥为1026.9kg/hm2,油菜产量为2084.85kg/hm2;最佳产量施用粉煤灰磁化肥为757.58kg/hm2,油菜产量为2041.79kg/hm2.     

蔬菜中有机磷农药残留的分光光度法快速检测

以鸡脑为酶源提取乙酰胆碱酯酶,利用酶抑制分光光度法检测蔬菜中有机磷农药残留量.用此方法测定了对硫磷、辛硫磷、氧化乐果三种农药,结果满意,回收率分别达到97%,101%和99%.     

青稞β-1,3-葡聚糖酶Ⅱ基因启动子的克隆分析及表达载体的构建

根据本实验室克隆并公布的藏青稞β-1,3-葡聚糖酶Ⅱ(BGH Ⅱ)基因序列,以藏青稞QB09基因组DNA为模板,构建DNA步移文库,并通过步移技术克隆出BGH Ⅱ起始密码子上游调控序列BGHP.鉴定和分析表明,BGHP具备大多数高等植物启动子的保守元件,预测它对BGHⅡ基因的表达具有一定的作用.为鉴定BGHⅡ基因的基本启动子元件,将基因5’侧翼序列做缺失片段分析,利用PCR方法从BGHP中得到3个不同大小两端带有HindⅢ、BamH Ⅰ酶切位点的片段BGHP1、BGHP2和BGHP3,定向插入载体pMGFP4(pBI221改建,报告基因为GFP)中,取代原有的CaMV35S启动子,构建了由驱动报告基因GFP的植物表达载体BGHPV1、BGHPV2和BGHPV3,用于大麦的遗传转化,为进一步研究其功能奠定了基础.图5表1参15     

Chemical speciation and anthropogenic sources of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during summer in Beijing, 2004

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured at six sites in Beijing in August, 2004. Up to 148 VOC species, including C₃ to C₁₂ alkanes, C₃ to C₁₁ alkenes, C₆ to C₁₂ aromatics, and halogenated hydrocarbons, were quantified. Although the concentrations differed at the sites, the chemical compositions were similar, except for the Tongzhou site where aromatics were significantly high in the air. Based on the source profiles measured from previous studies, the source apportionment of ambient VOCs was preformed by deploying the chemical mass balance (CMB) model. The results show that urban VOCs are predominant from mobile source emissions, which contribute more than 50% of the VOCs (in mass concentrations) to ambient air at most sites. Other important sources are gasoline evaporation, painting, and solvents. The exception is at the Tongzhou site where vehicle exhaust, painting, and solvents have about equal contribution, around 35% of the ambient VOC concentration. As the receptor model is not valid for deriving the sources of reactive species, such as isoprene and 1,3-butadiene, other methodologies need to be further explored.     

医疗废物中有机质的热解动力学研究

在空气气氛下,对医疗废物中几种有代表性的有机质进行非等温热解实验。分析实验结果发现,热解失重曲线与N2气氛下不同,出现多个DTG峰。利用Freeman Carroll法求出了各有机质的表观动力学参数,并建立了能较好反映各物料失重过程的表观多步反应动力学模型。针对混合物料无法直接求出表观动力学参数,建立了多组分反应动力学模型。     

高炉煤气袋式除尘系统的问题及改进

钢铁生产会产生大量的煤气.袋式除尘是高炉煤气除尘的发展方向.对重钢高炉煤气袋式除尘系统问题的分析研究结果表明:要使钢铁企业煤气除尘系统更高效、低耗、环保的运行,必须采用灵活、可操作性强的煤气温度调节手段,选择适宜的阀门和喷吹控制方式,优化除尘灰的保温模式和卸灰设备的结构等.     

Petroleum hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surficial sediments of Xiamen Harbour and Yuan Dan Lake, China

Surficial sediments were sampled from nine stations in Xiamen Harbour and two stations in Yuan Dan Lake during April 2002. Sediment samples were extracted by organic solvents, separated by silica gel column chromatography and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass selective detector (GC-MSD). Selected ion monitoring was at M/Z=57 for petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) and individual M/Zs for each of the 15 typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nine alkylated PAHs. The results showed that concentrations of PHCs and total PAHs in the sediments of Yuan Dan Lake were 1397 microg g(-1) (dry weight, dw) and 1377 ng g(-1) (dw), respectively. The ranges for PHCs and total PAHs in the sediments from Xiamen Harbour were 133-943 microg g(-1) (dw) and 98-309 ng g(-1) (dw), respectively. Shipping activities, industrial wastewater discharges, fuel oil spillage from ships and vehicles were the main sources of PHCs and PAHs in the Harbour. In addition, the widespread use of coal for industrial processes and domestic consumption accounted for the second largest source of PAHs in the sediments, while atmospheric transport and deposition of PAHs are also important.