KTV、慢摇吧等娱乐场所噪声治理方法研究

近年来,随着KTV,慢摇吧等娱乐场所的增加,娱乐场所带来的噪声扰民问题也日益突出。由于业主、施工单位等缺乏隔声降噪的专业知识,使得这一问题没有很好解决。本文通过对这类噪声的特性分析,根据其具有低频为主、穿透力强、不易衰减等特点,结合工程实例,从提高顶棚、侧墙的隔声量,结构上多采用弹性连接及增加阻尼等角度提出几点治理方法。以隔声、隔振为主,控制这类噪声通过空气传声与固体传声等途径向周围居民区传播。     

湿法消解-原子荧光光谱法同时测定地表水中的砷和汞

为提高检测效率、降低检测成本、提高检测的准确性,采用硝酸消解水样,断续流动进样,在KBH_4-酸体系中、最佳的仪器试验条件下,用原子荧光光谱法同时测定地表水中的砷和汞。实验结果表明:砷、汞检出限分别为0.109、0.0026μg/L,线性范围分别为0～40μg/L和0～2μg/L,精密度都是1.4%,加标回收率分别为93.5%～107%和96.0%～104%。表明该检测方法检出限低、干扰性小、精密度高、测定结果稳定,能够满足地表水中砷和汞同时测定要求。     

新农村建设中的环境问题与规划对策

文章对新世纪农村环境问题的内涵进行了探讨,结合新农村规划的实践提出了有针对性的建议与对策,并进一步以新农村建设中产业选择和污水处理问题为例进行了具体的分析研究。     

基于非参数方法的中国棉花产出规模效率时空特征

人类需要的无限性和用来满足需要的各种稀缺资源之间的矛盾,要求人们对生产资源进行有效配置。为研究中国棉花流通体制市场化改革以来,棉花生产资源的配置效率--产出规模效率及其时空特征,基于生产前沿面理论的非参数方法,利用生产资源配置效率测度软件对中国棉花主产区的棉花产出规模效率进行了具体测定与分析。结果表明：中国棉花产出规模效率时空差异显著,报告期长江流域优于黄河流域,同时两大流域棉花产出规模效率变化态势与我国棉花流通体制市场化改革的政策安排高度相关。认为中央政府应根据市场化进程中棉花生产所表现出来的新特点与市场调节出现的新问题,适时做出进一步激励棉花生产,最大程度发挥产出规模效率的政策安排。     

吸收法处理挥发性有机物研究进展

挥发性有机物（VOCs）对环境造成严重污染,危害人体健康,已成为全社会共同关注的环境问题。吸收法作为一种重要的VOCs末端处理技术,具有工艺简单、适应性强、二次污染少、投资运行成本低等优势。吸收剂与吸收设备是制约吸收法处理VOCs效率的关键因素,在介绍VOCs的危害及常见治理技术的基础上,简述4类常用VOCs吸收剂（有机溶剂、表面活性剂、微乳液及离子液体）与2种常用VOCs吸收设备（填料塔与超重力旋转填料床）的最新国内外研究成果,概述VOCs吸收剂再生与重复利用的方法。最后,针对吸收法处理VOCs目前存在的问题,提出了今后的重点研发方向。     

Equity Concerns over Climate Change Mitigation

Abstract

As a complicated concept with ethical implications, equity or fairness in the field of climate change mitigation concerns the relations not only between individual human beings but also between human beings and the nature. In this paper, after the review of equity between individuals, market and non-market attributes of emissions rights are distinguished and discussed. Based on the argument of equal per capita emissions rights, three types of emissions rights and the concept of minimum emissions rights as social security are proposed.     

Economic Globalization and Industrial Pollution

Abstract

In order to study the relationship between economic globalization and industrial pollution, this paper developed the theoretical framework and used simultaneous equations. The result shows that economic globalization has influences on the industrial pollution mainly by the direct effect of scale, structure and technology as well as the indirect effect of income and policy. Considering all the factors, economic globalization, especially foreign direct investment (FDI), will reduce industrial pollution, in which technology spillover effect plays an important role.     

宁夏石嘴山市农用地土壤硒的富集因素

石嘴山市是典型的枯竭型资源城市,为发展富硒农产品种植业和促进城市绿色可持续发展转型,在石嘴山市开展富硒土壤调查.采集农用地中7399个表层（0~20 cm）土壤样、30个大气沉降样和9个成土母岩样,运用GS⁺、ArcGIS和SPSS软件通过构建半方差变异函数模型、普通克里金插值、统计学的相关分析和均值分析等方法对土壤硒（Se）的含量、空间分布和富集因素进行分析,对碱性土壤区Se的富集特征进行探索归纳.结果表明,石嘴山市农用地表层土壤ω（Se）为（0.26±0.12） mg·kg^-1,空间分布自相关性极强,Se含量变化与自然因素相关,离贺兰山山前煤矿聚集地近者Se含量较高;成土母质是控制土壤Se富集的首要因素,土壤理化性质如有机质、pH和铁锰氧化物等均对Se在表生环境中富集有一定影响;相比强碱性环境,碱性条件更利于Se的富集.     

Major Forest Types and the Evolution of Sustainable Forestry in China

In this article, we introduce China’s major forest types and discuss the historical development of forest management in China, including actions taken over the last decade toward achieving SMF. Major challenges are identified, and a strategy for SFM implementation in China is presented. China’s forests consist of a wide variety of types with distinctive distributional patterns shaped by complex topography and multiple climate regimes. How to manage this wide array of forest resources has challenged forest managers and policy-makers since the founding of the country. Excessive exploitation of China's forest resources from the 1950s to the late 1990s contributed to environmental problems and calamities, such as floods, soil erosion, and desertification. At the start of the new millennium, the Chinese government decided to shift its emphasis from timber production towards the achievement of sustainable forest management (SFM). With a series of endeavors such as the implementation of the “Six Key Forestry Projects” and the reform of forest tenure policies, and the adoption of a classification system for China's forests, a beginning has been made at reversing the trend of environmental degradation that occurred throughout the latter half of the last century. At the same time, huge challenges remain to be tackled for the development of forestry in China.     

集输管线安全管理与应急系统的研究

安全管理与应急已成为当前社会的一个重要研究热点,为了使集输管线的安全管理与应急更直观更高效,通过研究地理信息系统（GIS）空间分析技术、事故演化动态过程模拟等技术,基于应急过程驱动,开发建立了集输管线安全管理与应急系统。该系统主要研究集输管线的安全管理以及泄漏事故应急处置流程的数字化,包括公众安全防护、快速预测预警、后果模拟、应急通知及人员疏散等功能,研究表明,该系统能为集输管线安全管理和应急决策提供重要的手段。