羟基磷灰石/蔗渣炭复合吸附剂的制备及其对As(Ⅴ)的吸附机理

以甘蔗渣为原料,采用水热合成法制备羟基磷灰石/蔗渣炭复合吸附剂--HBA,通过静态吸附试验研究HBA对As（Ⅴ）的吸附特性,并采用红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱对吸附前后的HBA进行表征,探讨其吸附As（Ⅴ）的机理.结果表明:HBA的比表面积为89.52 m2/g,pH_zpc（零点电荷）=7.2,HBA上的羟基磷灰石的分子式为Ca₁₀（PO₄）₆（OH）₂.HBA吸附As（Ⅴ）的效果最佳pH为5.0~9.0.Langmuir等温吸附模型适合拟合HBA对As（V）的吸附等温线,25℃时Langmuir最大吸附量为6.76 mg/g,是蔗渣炭对As（Ⅴ）最大吸附量的20多倍.红外光谱分析表明,HBA含有的＝C＝O、─OH、─COOH等含氧官能团,可为化学吸附提供充足的吸附位点和提高HBA的吸附能力.XPS分析表明,HBA表面的含氧官能团[如羧基（─O─C＝O,532.2 eV）、羟基（─OH,530.6 eV）]参与了吸附反应,羟基磷灰石能提高HBA吸附As（Ⅴ）的能力,被吸附到HBA表面上的As主要以AsO₄3-和HAsO₄2-形态存在.      

5种植物沉床系统对富营养化水体修复效果研究

以狐尾藻、马来眼子菜、金鱼藻、伊乐藻和苦草5种沉水植物为试验材料,构建以沉水植物为核心的人工沉床,探讨富营养化水体中沉水植物的生长状况和沉水植物沉床系统对氮、磷和COD_(Mn)的净化效果。结果表明:5种沉水植物在富营养水体中生长良好,生物量明显增加,以金鱼藻生物量最大。5种沉水植物沉床系统对富营养化水体中的TP、TN和NH_4~+-N去除率较高,均值分别为70.16%、79.60%、79.82%,而对COD_(Mn)的去除率较低,平均为39.74%;其中金鱼藻沉床系统对富营养化水体中的TP、TN、氨氮、COD_(Mn)去除率均最高,分别为79.76%、85.23%、85.81%和46.16%。因此,金鱼藻沉床系统对富营养化水体修复效果最好,同时金鱼藻也是该沉床系统的优选植物。     

城市公共场所拥挤踩踏事故统计分析与风险评估研究

近年来城市公共场所拥挤踩踏事故在世界各地屡屡发生,事故规模越来越大,伤亡人数越来越多,拥挤踩踏事故已经严重威胁到了城市的健康发展。从事故机制入手研究城市公共场所拥挤踩踏事故,分析此类事故的重要影响阶段,进而确定最有效的控制方法。首先运用统计学方法,通过相关性比较、因子分析等方法获取城市公共场所拥挤踩踏事故风险评估指标,构建了完整的拥挤踩踏事故风险评价指标体系;然后确定了突发瞬时事件是最容易引发拥挤踩踏事故的原因,其次还存在人员潜在风险、管理工作疏漏、场馆设计缺陷等诱因;最后提出目标明确、操作性强的应对方案,以提高城市公共场所拥挤踩踏事故的预警和防范能力。     

韶关市大气颗粒物多环芳烃的污染特征研究

采集韶关市PM10和PM2.5样品,采用气相色谱-质谱法测定了16种PAHs的质量浓度,分析了16种PAHs在PM2.5中的时空分布特征,研究16种PAHs在PM10和PM2.5中分布的差异.结果显示:PAHs在PM2.5中的季节性分布具有冬、夏季高,春、秋季低的特点,且苯并[a]蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[c]芘、苯并[a]芘、荧蒽等在一年四季含量均较高;在空间上的分布显示交通区>工业区>商业区>居民区>休闲区.PAHs在PM2.5中的分布明显高于在PM10中的分布,在人为活动较为频繁的季节和区域,PAHs的含量明显增加.     

非均衡视域下江苏沿海“三极一带多节点”空间发展模式研究

阐述了非均衡发展理论对沿海开发的指导作用,分析了江苏沿海非均衡发展的区域条件,指出了“三极一带多节点”空间发展模式的合理性,提出了实施“三极一带多节点”空间发展模式的战略思考.     

Endocrine disruption effects of 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenylether (BDE100) in reporter gene assays

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) constitute an important group of flame retardants. 2,2',4,4',6-Pentabromodiphenylether (BDE100) is a prominent PBDE congener in some human populations. The potential of BDE100 to modulate responses mediated by the estrogen (ER), thyroid hormone (ThR) or androgen receptors (AR) were investigated by use of transactivation reporter gene assays. The African green monkey kidney CV-1 cell transiently transfected with the constructed reporter gene plasmid ERE-TATA-Luc and pUAS-tk-Luc with luciferase (Luc) under control of the estrogen response (ERE), or thyroid hormone response (ThRE) elements were used to evaluate (anti)estrogen and thyroid effects of BDE100. The (anti)androgenic potency of BDE100 was also evaluated by use of MDA-kb2 cells, which were stably transfected with MMTV-luciferase. The assays displayed appropriate responses to known natural estrogen 17β-estradiol (E2), ThR ligand triiodothyronine (T3), and the AR agonist 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). 10 or 50 μM BDE100 significantly up-regulated expression of Luc under control of the ER. Antiestrogenic potency was observed for BDE100 (IC50 = 6.21 μM). Co-exposure to 50 μM BDE100 significantly enhanced expression of Luc caused by 5 nM T3. BDE100 was antiandrogenic at 10 and 50 μM with an IC50 of 28.60 μM BDE100. These results suggest that BDE100 can modulate the endocrine system in multiple ways by interfering with several hormonal signaling pathways simultaneously.     

Top-runner incentive scheme in China: a theoretical and empirical study for industrial pollution control

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Pollution control policies have achieved remarkable results in China. However, industrial firms still lack enthusiasm for technological innovation to...     

Camphor wood,a potentially harmful museum storage material: an analytical study using instrumental methods

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Camphor wood is welcomed by museums due to its insect-repelling effect but the smell indicates a potential risk to the collections. In order to judge...     

Arsenic and lead in the indoor residential settings of different socio-economic status; assessment of human health risk via dust exposure

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the present study, occurrence of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) is reported in rural and urban household dust (floor and AC filter dust) of the Kingdom...     

Maghemite(γ-Fe_2O_3) nanoparticles enhance dissimilatory ferrihydrite reduction by Geobacter sulfurreducens: Impacts on iron mineralogical change and bacterial interactions

Microbially mediated bioreduction of iron oxyhydroxide plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycle of iron.Geobacter sulfurreducens is a representative dissimilatory ironreducing bacterium that assembles electrically conductive pili and cytochromes.The impact of supplementation withγ-Fe_2O_3 nanoparticles(NPs)(0.2 and 0.6 g)on the G.sulfurreducens-mediated reduction of ferrihydrite was investigated.In the overall performance of microbial ferrihydrite reduction mediated byγ-Fe_2O_3 NPs,stronger reduction was observed in the presence of direct contact withγ-Fe_2O_3 NPs than with indirect contact.Compared to the production of Fe(Ⅱ)derived from biotic modification with ferrihydrite alone,increases greater than 1.6-and 1.4-fold in the production of Fe(Ⅱ)were detected in the biotic modifications in which direct contact with 0.2 g and 0.6 gγ-Fe_2O_3 NPs,respectively,occurred.X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that magnetite was a unique representative iron mineral in ferrihydrite when active G.sulfurreducens cells were in direct contact withγ-Fe_2O_3 NPs.Because of the sorption of biogenic Fe(Ⅱ)ontoγ-Fe_2O_3 NPs instead of ferrihydrite,the addition ofγ-Fe_2O_3 NPs could also contribute to increased duration of ferrihydrite reduction by preventing ferrihydrite surface passivation.Additionally,electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the direct addition ofγ-Fe_2O_3 NPs stimulated the electrically conductive pili and cytochromes to stretch,facilitating long-range electron transfer between the cells and ferrihydrite.The obtained findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of iron oxide NPs on soil biogeochemistry.