资源环境约束下的天津市盐渍土农业利用研究

盐渍土作为一种重要的宜耕后备资源,其农业开发利用已成为解决人口、粮食、资源和环境等问题的重要措施。论文通过天津市盐渍土农业利用中面临的水土资源短缺、环境污染与经济效益差等问题进行系统分析后得出：目前天津市盐渍土面积为32.42×10⁴ hm²,其中,重度盐渍土与盐土大多分布在滨海平原地区,这些区域恰恰是补充耕地的主要来源,然而由于其盐渍化程度原本就高,即使改良后很快又会返盐;天津市目前年均缺水量为6×10⁸~9×10⁸ m³,水资源短缺已成为限制农业发展的重要瓶颈问题,若改良这些盐渍土宜耕后备资源并继续采用传统的农业耕作方式,将会进一步加大农业用水缺口,农药、化肥、地膜的过量施用,也加重了环境污染危害;并且,耗费巨大成本改良后的耕地,由于比较效益差、后续利用与管理资金难以维系,面临着无人耕种的困境。随着城市化与社会经济发展结构的变化,农业早已不再是天津市国民经济发展的主导产业。但是为了保障国家粮食安全,天津市也必须承担一定的耕地保有量和基本农田保护任务。鉴于大都市区对蔬菜的巨大需求,综合考虑区域资源、环境与效益因素,在滨海平原的盐渍土上发展设施水培蔬菜,不仅可有效缓解耕地保护压力,保护生态环境、提高经济效益,将北京市的蔬菜基地外迁至滨海平原,也有助于促进京津一体化发展。     

新型三维多孔光热材料制备及其高盐废水处理应用

高盐废水处理存在处理难度大和能耗成本高等问题.近年来发展的界面光蒸汽水处理技术以绿色、高效和低能耗等特点成为了目前水资源回收利用领域的研究热点.本研究以纤维状结构的碳化氮(h-CN)修饰石墨烯(r-GO),通过水热反应制备了新型三维多孔石墨烯复合材料(3D h-CN/r-GO),并以硝基苯和苯酚作为模拟污染物,考察了其光热蒸发处理高盐废水的性能.研究结果表明,所制备的3D h-CN/r-GO材料具备宽光谱吸收范围和多级孔道结构,并呈现出快速热响应的特点.在模拟太阳光照条件下,光蒸汽转化效率可达90.4%.并且在处理过程中可实现硝基苯和苯酚等常见挥发性污染物的吸附,其吸附容量分别为67.6 mg·g^-1和57.5 mg·g^-1.而且, 3D h-CN/r-GO可实现长时间稳定的光热水体蒸发回收,且对污染物及盐分截留率高达98%左右,冷凝水体达到污水处理的排放标准.因此,本研究为高盐废水的低能耗和低成本处理提供了一种新的技术.     

Remediation of pharmaceuticals from contaminated water by molecularly imprinted polymers: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The release of pharmaceuticals into the environment induces adverse effects on the metabolism of humans and other living species, calling for advanced remediation...     

Determinants of environmental financing constraints: a case study from Vietnam

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Environment Fund is a state financial institution and a non-profit organization, operating mainly in concessional loans with low-interest rates...     

Improving the redox performance of photocatalytic materials by cascade-type charge transfer: a review

Environmental and energy crises are a major threat to the sustainable growth of the human society, calling for greener technologies such as photocatalysis. Photocatalysis is a solar-driven approach that converts photon energy into chemical energy, yet the conversion efficacy of classical photocatalysis is usually restricted and controlled by the charge carrier’s separation and migration. Enhanced conversion requires suppressed recombination rate and superior redox abilities. From this aspect, the manipulation of heterojunction allows to overcome the drawback of classical photocatalysis. The cascade mechanism follows a dual direct charge migration route, resulting in enhanced redox abilities and efficient mineralization of pollutants. Here, we review photocatalytic material aspects in improving redox ability by cascade charge transfer. We describe the mechanisms and applications of three cascade systems: two type-II cascade systems, mediator-based cascade systems, and dual direct Z-scheme. We highlight the superiority of the direct dual cascade route with a prolonged lifetime of carriers, higher quantum yield, and enhanced redox abilities. Applications to carbon dioxide reduction, hydrogen production by water splitting and pollutant degradation are discussed.

     

Advanced catalysts and effect of operating parameters in ethanol dry reforming for hydrogen generation. A review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - There is actually an intense research in ethanol dry reforming because bioethanol and carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, can be converted into syngas and,...     

Removing ammonium from contaminated water using Purolite C100E: batch,column, and household filter studies

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Ammonium removal from drinking water to protect human and environmental health is one of the major global concerns. This study evaluates the...     

Spatio-temporal analysis of air pollution in North China Plain

Environmental and Ecological Statistics - Accompanying China’s rapid industrialization, a vast area of the country, particularly the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region, has...     

Chemically-Crosslinked Xylan/Graphene Oxide Composite Hydrogel for Copper Ions Removal

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The chemically-crosslinked composite hydrogel based on acylated xylan and silanized graphene oxide was prepared via free radical polymerization as a novel...