滨海化工区废水预处理去毒技术耦合工艺研究

化工产业是天津滨海新区重要的支柱产业,该行业废水是滨海污染物控制的主要威胁。针对常规单一方法存在的问题,试验选取滨海某化工区实际废水从内电解-Fenton、内电解-混凝、内电解-超声及微波强化氧化-光催化4种耦合去毒预处理工艺进行了研究。试验表明,与传统方法相比,内电解-Fenton法中H2O2的加入增加了污染物的降解途径,提高了对污染物的去除效率;内电解-混凝法对于制药废水的生物毒性有比较好的去除作用,不加PAM或Ca(OH)2的效果更佳;内电解-超声法对制药废水的生物毒性去除率可达92%,其可生化性提高45%;微波强化氧化-光催化法对大多数难降解物质有效,而对酚类物质降解效果不佳。     

粉煤灰深度处理制药废水实验研究

Fenton是酸性条件下Fe2+催化H2O2生成强氧化性的.OH,但调节pH的过程中耗费大量的酸和碱,运行费用昂贵,故Photo-Fenton反应受到重视。维生素制药废水生化后含有大量难降解污染物,以低浓度、难生物降解的实际废水为对象进行深度处理实验,研究改性粉煤灰、H2O2及FeSO4.7H2O的投加量,反应时间等因素的影响和优化。     

潮汕地区3市夏季地面臭氧浓度变化特征研究

通过对广东省潮汕地区汕头市、揭阳市和潮州市3个代表性监测点夏季地面O₃浓度的监测与评价,获得了该地区的O₃污染状况,并分析了O₃浓度与NO_x、气温、相对湿度的相关性,对该地区O₃浓度变化特征进行了研究。结果表明,该地区受O₃污染程度较轻,3个城市中汕头市的受污染程度最轻,其次是潮州市,污染程度相对略重的是揭阳市。O₃与NO_x浓度和空气湿度变化呈负相关,与气温变化呈正相关。高温、低湿的气象条件更利于O₃的产生和累积。     

基于扇区单元的航路交通流复杂度研究

空中交通航路交通流复杂度越来越高,威胁整个航路的正常运行,严重时甚至影响航空器的运行安全。为研究和解决扇区航路交通流复杂度较高的问题,了解了造成航路交通流复杂度较高的原因。基于航空器的基本运动学方程,列出了航空器运动过程中27种典型的飞行状态组合。考虑航空器的临近效应、速度差异和汇聚梯度3个影响航路交通流复杂度的主要因素,分别建立了相应的测量模型,从3个方面研究对航路交通流复杂度造成的影响,然后采用加权求和的方式求得三方面综合对航路交通流复杂度的影响程度。以雷达模拟机数据作为仿真验证对象,通过MATLAB软件对建立的模型进行了仿真验证     

Influence of Chironomid Larvae on oxygen and nitrogen fluxes across the sediment-water interface (Lake Taihu, China)

The microscale distribution of oxygen,the nitrogen flux and the denitrification rates in sediment inhabited by chironomid larvae(Tanypus chinensis) were measured in eutrophic Lake Taihu,China.The presence of the chironomids in the sediment increased the oxygen diffusional flux from 10.4 ± 1.4 to 12.7 ± 2.5 mmol O 2 /(m 2 ·day).The burrows of the larvae represented "hot spots" and strongly influenced the nitrogen cycles and diagenetic activity in the sediment.The results indicate that the bioturbation effects of Tanypus chinensis chironomid larvae increased the capacity of the sediment as a sink for nitrate and a source for ammonium.Nitrate influx and ammonium outflux were increased 8.8 and 1.7 times,respectively.Under bioturbation,the amount of nitrate consumed was greater than the amount of ammonium released.The total denitrification rate was also enhanced from 0.76 ± 0.34 to 5.50 ± 1.30 mmol N/(m 2 ·day).The net effect was that the bioturbated sediments acted as a net sink for inorganic nitrogen under direct and indirect bioturbation effects compared to the control.     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱／质谱法测定水中25种挥发性有机物研究

建立了吹扫捕集与气相色谱／质谱联用测定水中25种挥发性有机物的分析方法。该方法的加标回收率在90％-119％之间,响应因子（RF）的相对标准偏差均小于20％,检出限在0．04μg／L-0．22μg／L之间。该方法具有简单、快速、准确、灵敏,无其他有机物的污染等优点,适用于地表水、地下水和饮用水中挥发性有机物的测定,结果令人满意。     

Combined effects of cadmium and fluoranthene on germination, growth and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings

The single and combinational effects of cadmium (Cd) and fluoranthene (FLT) on germination, growth and photosynthesis of soybean seedlings were investigated. Exposure to 5, 10, or 15 mg Cd/L or 1, 5, or 10 mg FLT/L individually or in combination significantly decreased germination vigor (3 days) and final germination rate of soybean seeds, except at 1 and 5 mg FLT/L. The results of two-way ANOVA analysis and the Bliss independence model showed that at lower concentrations of FLT (1 mg/L), the interaction between Cd and FLT on germination was antagonistic, whereas the interaction was synergistic when the concentration of FLT was 5 or 10 mg/L and the concentration of Cd was 15 mg/L. Growth, expressed as dry weight, length of shoot and root, leaf area, and photosynthesis, expressed as net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, chlorophyll contents and fluorescence of soybean seedlings were also reduced by exposure to 5 or 10 mg Cd/L or 1 or 5 mg FLT/L, singly or jointly. Significant antagonistic effects of exposure to 5 or 10 mg Cd/L or 1 or 5 mg FLT/L on shoot growth and photosynthesis were observed, whereas synergy and antagonism of Cd and FLT were both observed for root growth.     

全球海岸带环境问题现状和相互联系

引言 "亮点"是由城镇发射出来的光经过聚集而形成,在地球卫星的夜间景象上可以观察到.它们主要位于海岸带中,是反映地球上人口分布的良好标志[1].海岸带拥有各种不同的生物生境、重要居民点以及宝贵资源的产地.     

小浪底水库对河道水质净化能力的影响

依据《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002),采用单因子评价方法,分别对小浪底水库建成前3年和建成后4年的河道水质进行评价,结果表明,小浪底水库建成后,在库首断面水质持续恶化的情况下,小浪底坝下水质状况却明显好转,说明小浪底水库库水对原水污染物有较强的净化能力,从而使下游河段水质得到改善。     

用过硫酸钠消解测定水中总磷的方法研究

测定水中总磷,通常采取过硫酸钾消解,使水样中所含磷全部氧化成正磷酸盐,用钼酸铵分光光度法进行测定.但是在实际工作过程中发现,过硫酸钾的溶解度较低,配制时间较长,并且在温度偏低时易析出过硫酸钾晶体,对实验的过程和结果产生一定的影响;而过硫酸钠易溶于水,配制容易,温度的变化对溶液浓度影响不大.研究用过硫酸钠代替过硫酸钾消解测定地表水中总磷的方法,并从校准曲线、样品测定、加标回收等几方面对两种方法进行了比较分析.