自适应单摆式TMD及其减振效果的数值模拟

当单摆式调谐质量阻尼器(PTMD)的频率调谐至与结构的自振频率一致时,PTMD有良好的减振效果。由于结构的设计频率与实际频率之间的偏差和结构在使用过程中发生的损伤累积等,结构的自振频率可能会偏离PTMD的控制频率,降低PTMD的减振效果。为了改善传统PTMD对频率调谐敏感的缺陷,提出的自适应单摆式TMD基于PTMD频率仅与摆长有关的特点,利用短时傅里叶变换和环境激励法识别出结构的自振频率,然后自发地启动步进电机改变摆长,以调节PTMD频率与结构频率相同。介绍了一种自适应单摆式TMD的模型装置,并用数值模拟对比了其在各种激励作用下的结构响应。结果表明,自适应单摆式TMD对结构的频率识别精度高,能够提高结构的等效阻尼比,降低结构的加速度响应。自适应单摆式TMD能够提高PTMD的减振效果,提高结构的安全性和耐久性,延长结构的使用寿命,且构造简单、需电量小,具有较好的工程应用前景。     

A comparative study of particle size distribution from two oxygenated fuels and diesel fuel

Oxygenated fuels are known to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions from diesel engines. In this study, 100% soy methyl ester (SME) biodiesel fuel (B100) and a blend of 10% acetal denoted by A-diesel with diesel fuel were tested as oxygenated fuels. Particle size and number distributions from a diesel engine fueled with oxygenated fuels and base diesel fuel were measured using an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI). Measurements were made at ten steady-state operational modes of various loads at two engine speeds. It was found that the geometric mean diameters of particles from SME and Adiesel were lower than that from base diesel fuel. Compared to diesel fuel, SME emitted more ultra-fine particles at rated speed while emitting less ultra-fine particles at maximum speed. Ultra-fine particle number concentrations of A-diesel were much higher than those of base diesel fuel at most test modes.     

河南省大气污染现状及其控制对策分析

河南省近年大气污染问题突出,灰霾天气频发,已经影响到居民正常生活。通过调查河南省2012年环境空气质量现状及2003—2012年变化趋势、2012年能源消费结构现状及2005—2012年能源消费结构变化趋势,分析河南省能源消费结构对环境空气质量的影响,根据河南省目前环境空气质量和能源消费结构存在的问题,提出推进产业结构调整、加快能源结构调整、实施大气污染物协同控制、严格节能环保准入条件等措施。     

Cathode ray tube (CRT) recycling: current capabilities in China and research progress

It is estimated that approximately 6,000,000 scrap TVs and 10,000,000 personal computers are generated each year in China. Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) from these machines consist of 85% glass (65% panel, 30% funnel and 5% neck glass). The leaded glass (funnel-24%, neck-30%) may seriously pollute the environment if it is not properly disposed of. In this paper, the past, current and future status of CRT dismantling technologies as well as the CRT glass recycling situation in China are presented and discussed. Recycling technology for waste CRTs in China is still immature. While the conventional CRT dismantling technologies have disadvantages from both economic and environmental viewpoints, some of the new and emerging treatments such as automatic optical sorting facilities that have been applied in developed countries offer advantages, and therefore should be transferred to China in the next few years to solve the CRT pre-processing problem. Meanwhile, because the demand for CRT glass closed-loop recycling is extremely limited, the authorities should take effective measures to improve CRT glass recycling rates and to facilitate a match to local conditions. Moreover, we also provide a broad review of the research developments in recycling techniques for CRT cullet. The challenge for the future is to transfer these environmentally friendly and energy-saving technologies into practice.     

发制品废水处理工程设计及运行

采用气浮+接触氧化池工艺处理某发制品废水,介绍了各处理构筑物、运行参数及经济技术指标。运行结果表明:该工艺处理发制品废水,最终出水指标为:ρ(COD)=90 mg/L、ρ(BOD5)=25 mg/L、ρ(SS)=75 mg/L、ρ(NH3-N)=20 mg/L、色度=69倍,其出水水质达GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》二级标准。     

环保台帐──中小企业废水治理监督的有效手段

中小企业废水达标治理是目前环保监督管理的难点。对企业废水治理工程物料、能源消耗建立台帐管理是弥补现有管理方式不足,强化企业有效处理废水制约机制的有效手段。     

苯酚和间甲酚的竞争吸附研究

研究了水中苯酚和间甲酚在大孔树脂上的吸附,结果表明,ＩＡＳ及ＬＣＡ模型都能较好地反映这一吸附系统的竞争吸附规律。     

New insights into the formation of ammonium nitrate from a physical and chemical level perspective

● Factor analysis of ammonium nitrate formation based on thermodynamic theory. ● Aerosol liquid water content has important role on the ammonium nitrate formation. ● Contribution of coal combustion and vehicle exhaust is significant in haze periods. High levels of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) is linked to poor air quality and premature deaths, so haze pollution deserves the attention of the world. As abundant inorganic components in PM_2.5, ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) formation includes two processes, the diffusion process (molecule of ammonia and nitric acid move from gas phase to liquid phase) and the ionization process (subsequent dissociation to form ions). In this study, we discuss the impact of meteorological factors, emission sources, and gaseous precursors on NH₄NO₃ formation based on thermodynamic theory, and identify the dominant factors during clean periods and haze periods. Results show that aerosol liquid water content has a more significant effect on ammonium nitrate formation regardless of the severity of pollution. The dust source is dominant emission source in clean periods; while a combination of coal combustion and vehicle exhaust sources is more important in haze periods. And the control of ammonia emission is more effective in reducing the formation of ammonium nitrate. The findings of this work inform the design of effective strategies to control particulate matter pollution.     

超声波降解水中的氯苯

考察了用超声波降解水中氯苯的可行性、动力学、产物和TOC变化。在 2 0kHz和 4 0W的超声波作用下 ,氯苯的一级降解常数为 0 0 5 /min。随着所加超声功率的增高 ,氯苯降解常数呈线性增加。 30min内超声脱氯效率达到 6 6 % ,TOC去除达到 4 3%。