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43.
Tom Tregenza Fathi Attia Saleh Salem Bushaiba 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(6):817-823
Differences among males in their success in achieving fertilisations when females mate with more than one partner are now
recognised as an important target of sexual selection. However, very few studies have attempted to determine whether particular
males are consistently successful in sperm competition and whether success in sperm competition is a heritable trait. Additionally,
the potential heritability of female traits that influence the outcome of sperm competition has received only limited attention.
Using the polyandrous beetle Tribolium castaneum, we examined repeatability of male success in sperm competition by mating pairs of males carrying different visible genetic
markers to a string of different females. Males showed consistency in their ability to successfully transfer sperm to females,
but not in their success in sperm competition. Furthermore, when we independently compared success in sperm competition of
fathers with their sons, we found no evidence for heritability of this trait. Similarly, females that exhibited high or low
first male sperm precedence did not tend to have daughters that showed the same pattern. Our results suggest that we should
be wary of assuming that success in sperm competition is heritable through either sex. 相似文献
44.
本研究以尼罗河三角洲泻湖(Manzala、Burullus、Edku)为典型区域,利用6根浅孔并选取Al、Cd、Cr、Fe、Mn、Pb、Cu、Zn等主要重金属元素,探讨了自然和人类活动(建坝)共同作用下河口泻湖湿地环境重金属时空分布及污染来源。研究结果表明,1964年阿斯旺建坝和海岸保护工程实施后,泻湖地区逐渐演变为稳定而封闭的沉积环境。钻孔上层(10~15 cm)沉积物重金属富集现象反映了建坝后三角洲泻湖环境污染加重。重金属空间分布表现为平原东西部Manzala和Edku湖污染较重,而中部的Burullus湖污染较轻。相关性分析和富集系数(EF)变化进一步揭示Manzala湖特征污染元素为Pb、Cu、Zn和Cd,污染源主要来自开罗石油化工等产业废水;Burullus湖特征污染元素为Mn和Pb,应该与湖区附近农业废水的大量排放有关;Edku湖特征污染元素则为Mn、Pb和Zn,其重金属可能来自邻近的Abu-Qir湾带来的亚历山大工业废水。 相似文献
45.
Influence of ascorbic acid supplementation on the haematological and clinical biochemistry parameters of male rabbits exposed to aflatoxin B1 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yousef MI Salem MH Kamel KI Hassan GA El-Nouty FD 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2003,38(2):193-209
This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of L-ascorbic acid (AA) in alleviating the toxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in male New-Zealand white rabbits. Five rabbits (6 months of age and mean body weight 3.12 kg) per group were assigned to 1 of 6 treatment groups: 0 mg AA and 0 mg AFB1/kg BW (control); 20 mg AA/kg BW; 15 microg AFB1/kg BW; 15 microg AFB1 plus 20 mg AA/kg BW; 30 pg AFB1/kg BW; 30 pg AFB1 plus 20 mg AA/kg BW. Rabbits were orally administered their respective doses every other day for 9 weeks, followed by a 9-week recovery period where all drugs were withdrawn. Evaluations were made for hemato-biochemical parameters and enzymatic activities. Results showed that AFB1 significantly (p < 0.05) decreased hemoglobin (Hb), total erythrocytic count (TEC) and packed cell volume (PCV), in a dose-dependent manner, and these effects were continued during the recovery period. Ascorbic acid caused an increase in these parameters, and alleviated the negative effect of AFB1 during the treatment period. Additionally, serum concentrations of total protein, albumin and glucose were significantly (P < 0.05) declined by treatment with the high dose of aflatoxin and these effects were continued during the recovery period. Ascorbic acid caused non-significant increases in these parameters and alleviated the harmful effect of AFB1. On the other hand, aflatoxin treatment caused significant increases (P < 0.05) in the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (AlP) during the treatment period in a dose dependent manner, and this effect was continued during the recovery period, especially with the high dose. Also, treatment with the high dose of aflatoxin caused significant increases (P<0.05) in cholesterol and total bilirubin. Ascorbic acid caused significant decreases in these parameters and alleviated the harmful effects of AFB1. Whereas, Total leukocyte count (TLC), urea and creatinine were not significantly affected by aflatoxin-treatment. Generally, it is interesting feature that the treatment with AA alone had no negative effects on most of the previous parameters. Also, the presence of AA could diminished the adverse effects of AFB1 on most of hematological and biochemical values, and enzymatic activities in rabbits. 相似文献
46.
Stewart Lockie Jen Hayward Nell Salem 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2001,14(2):253-254
Publications Received
Books Received 相似文献47.
Effect of organophosphorus (dimethoate) and pyrethroid (deltamethrin) pesticides on semen characteristics in rabbits 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M H Salem Z Abo-Elezz G A Abd-Allah G A Hassan N Shaker 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》1988,23(3):279-290
The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of chronic treatment with two sublethal doses of Dimethoate (organo-phosphorus) or Deltamethrin (pyrethroid) on body weight and semen characteristics in adult male rabbits. Pesticide treatment resulted in a decline in body weight, libido, ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and semen initial fructose; and an increase in abnormal and dead sperm and methylene blue reduction time. In this regard Dimethoate showed greater effects than Deltamethrin. The hazardous effect of these pesticides on semen quality continued during the post-treatment period, and was dose-dependent. This deleterious effect on sperm formation together with the decline in libido suggest a decrease in testosterone secretion by pesticide treatment. 相似文献
48.
Golam Saleh Ahmed Salem So Kazama Shamsuddin Shahid Nepal C. Dey 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2018,23(6):953-979
The effects of a 1.5 °C global change on irrigation costs and carbon emissions in a groundwater-dependent irrigation system were assessed in the northwestern region of Bangladesh and examined at the global scale to determine possible global impacts and propose necessary adaptation measures. Downscaled climate projections were obtained from an ensemble of eight general circulation models (GCMs) for three representative concentration pathways (RCPs), RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 and were used to generate the 1.5 °C warming scenarios. A water balance model was used to estimate irrigation demand, a support vector machine (SVM) model was used to simulate groundwater levels, an energy-use model was used to estimate carbon emissions from the irrigation pump, and a multiple linear regression (MLR) model was used to simulate the irrigation costs. The results showed that groundwater levels would likely drop by only 0.03 to 0.4 m under a 1.5 °C temperature increase, which would result in an increase in irrigation costs and carbon emissions ranging from 11.14 to 148.4 Bangladesh taka (BDT) and 0.3 to 4% CO2 emissions/ha, respectively, in northwestern Bangladesh. The results indicate that the impacts of climate change on irrigation costs for groundwater-dependent irrigation would be negligible if warming is limited to 1.5 °C; however, increased emissions, up to 4%, from irrigation pumps can have a significant impact on the total emissions from agriculture. This study revealed that similar impacts from irrigation pumps worldwide would result in an increase in carbon emissions by 4.65 to 65.06 thousand tons, based only on emissions from groundwater-dependent rice fields. Restricting groundwater-based irrigation in regions where the groundwater is already vulnerable, improving irrigation efficiency by educating farmers and enhancing pump efficiency by following optimum pumping guidelines can mitigate the impacts of climate change on groundwater resources, increase farmers’ profits, and reduce carbon emissions in regions with groundwater-dependent irrigation. 相似文献
49.
Hamidi Abdul Aziz Osama Mohammed Othman Salem S. Abu Amr 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(2):396-400
Leachate pollution is one of the main problems in landfilling. Researchers have yet to find an effective solution to this problem. The technology that can be used may differ based on the type of leachate produced. Coliform bacteria were recently reported as one of the most problematic pollutants in semi-aerobic (stabilized) leachate. In the present study, the performance of the Electro-Fenton process in removing coliform from leachate was investigated. The study focused on two types of leachate: Palau Borung landfill leachate with low Coliform content (200 MPN/100 m/L) and Ampang Jajar landfill leachate with high coliform content (>24 × 104 MPN/100 m/L). Optimal conditions for the Electro-Fenton treatment process were applied on both types of leachate. Then, the coliform was examined before and after treatment using the Most Probable Number (MPN) technique. Accordingly, 100% removal of coliform was obtained at low initial coliform content, whereas 99.9% removal was obtained at high initial coliform content. The study revealed that Electro-Fenton is an efficient process in removing high concentrations of pathogenic microorganisms from stabilized leachate. 相似文献
50.
Ahmed Abdel-Megeed Mourad A. M. Aboul-Soud Rudolf Mueller Fredua Agyeman Rudolf Salem S. Al-Deyab 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(4):617-625
A gram-negative psychrophilic bacterium, with potential for biodegradation of long-chain n-alkanes was isolated from ice samples collected in Spitzbergen, Denmark. On the basis of results of biochemical and morphological
tests and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA, the strain was identified as Pseudomonas
frederiksbergensis. In this work, a short-chain NAD+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (alcDH) (Accession number: AAR13804) from the P.
frederiksbergensis was cloned and transformed in E. coli BL21 (3DE) competent cells. The alcDH activity was highest in the crude extract of cells induced with 1.0 mM IPTG. The recombinant
alcDH enzyme was purified to 93.4% homogeneity using three consecutive purification steps including ammonium sulphate, Q-Sepharose
Fast Flow column and gel filtration chromatography employing Superdex 200 10/30 HR column. Enzyme enrichment and yield levels
of 31.4 folds and 25.5%, respectively, were achieved. While the subunit molecular mass of the enzyme was determined on SDS-PAGE
to be ~38 kDa, the aggregated native form of the enzyme had a molecular mass of ~238 kDa by gel filtration analysis. Reaction
conditions optima for the recombinant alcDH were determined with propan-1-ol as the substrate. While the optimum pH was 9,
the optimum temperature was 35 °C. The alcDH enzyme exhibited moderate thermal stability with half-lives of 150 min at 55 °C,
27 min at 65 °C and 8 min at 75 °C. Results for kinetic parameters indicated that the apparent K
m value for alcDH with propan-1-ol as the substrate was found to be 1.42 mM and the V
max value was 0.63 mmol mg−1 min−1. Experimental evidence revealed that the recombinant alcDH exhibited a wide range of substrate specificity, with higher levels
of specific activity for aliphatic alcohols as compared to secondary alcohols. Taken together, the present study highlights
the potential of alcDH as a member of cold-adapted enzymes in several key biotechnological applications including environmental
bioremediation and biotransformations. It is envisaged that, with the ongoing screening of microorganisms and metagenomes,
directed evolution approaches and the subsequent overexpression of recombinant proteins, more enzymes will be found that are
suitable for bioremediation purposes. 相似文献