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961.
无机添加剂对PVDF/PMMA/TPU中空纤维共混膜结构与性能的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用相转化法制备纳米氧化物PVDF/PMMA/TPU共混中空纤维膜。测定共混膜的纯水接触角和黏度、并经扫描电子显微镜、共混膜的超滤实验和拉伸实验分别对不同添加剂膜的亲水性能、微观结构、超滤性能和机械性能进行了分析。结果表明,纳米氧化物的加入使膜的性能有明显的改善,其中无氧化物、添加SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3的PVDF/PMMA/TPU复合膜对牛血清白蛋白的截留率分别为28.7%、65.8%7、1.4%和79.6%,同时添加无机氧化物的膜水通量也较未添加无机氧化物的膜有所提高;而且无机氧化物的加入还能改善膜的亲水性能和机械性能。 相似文献
962.
The rapid urbanization of China is causing a burden on their water resources and hindering their sustainable development.
This paper analyzes effective methods to integrated river basin management (IRBM) using Longgang River basin of Shenzhen as
an example, which is the city with the fastest rate of urbanization in China and even the whole world. Over the past 20 years,
China has undergone a population boom due to the increase of immigrant workers and rapid development of laborintensive industries,
which led to the sharp increase of water consumption and sewage discharge. However, the construction of the water infrastructure
is still lagging far behind the environmental and social development, with only 32.7% of sewage in the district being treated.
Currently, every water quality indicator of the Longgang River basin was unable to meet the required corresponding environmental
standards, which further aggravated the water shortages of the region. Thus, an analytical framework is proposed to address
the IRBM of the study area. The problems with the current management system include the lack of decentralization in decision-making,
lack of enforcement with redundant plans, weak management capacity, financial inadequacy, and a poor system of stakeholder
participation. In light of the principles of IRBM and the situation of the region, corresponding measures are put forward,
including an increase of power given to sub-district offices, fewer but more feasible plans, capacity building among stakeholders,
a combination of planning and marketing for overcoming financial inadequacy, and profound reform in the public participation
system. The framework and institutional suggestions could inform similar processes in other representative river basins. 相似文献
963.
Simultaneous removal of chromium and arsenate from contaminated
groundwater by ferrous sulfate: Batch uptake behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chromium and/or arsenate removal by Fe(II) as a function of pH, Fe(II) dosage and initial Cr(VI)/As(V) ratio were examined in
batch tests. The presence of arsenate reduced the removal e ciency of chromium by Fe(II), while the presence of chromate significantly
increased the removal e ciency of arsenate by Fe(II) at pH 6–8. In the absence of arsenate, chromium removal by Fe(II) increased to
a maximum with increasing pH from 4 to 7 and then decreased with a further increase in pH. The increment in Fe(II) dosage resulted
in an improvement in chromium removal and the improvement was more remarkable under alkaline conditions than that under acidic
conditions. Chromium removal by Fe(II) was reduced to a larger extent under neutral and alkaline conditions than that under acidic
conditions due to the presence of 10 mol/L arsenate. The presence of 20 mol/L arsenate slightly improved chromium removal by
Fe(II) at pH 3.9–5.8, but had detrimental e ects at pH 6.7–9.8. Arsenate removal was improved significantly at pH 4–9 due to the
presence of 10 mol/L chromate at Fe(II) dosages of 20–60 mol/L. Elevating the chromate concentration from 10 to 20 mol/L
resulted in a further improvement in arsenate removal at pH 4.0–4.6 when Fe(II) was dosed at 30–60 mol/L. 相似文献
964.
热带季节雨林林窗区域土壤-植物-大气连续体热力效应初步分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用西双版纳雾凉季和干热季热带季节雨林林窗的小气候观测资料,探讨了昼间林窗地表温、气温及下层植物的叶温的时空分布和变化规律,分析了叶温与气温和地表温的相互关系指出在林窗区域,由于受雾和太阳高度的影响,各小气候要素最大值随时间、季节的不同,出现在林窗不同的方位,并且存在叶温高值区时空动态位移现象;另外,林窗区域土壤-植物-大气连续体界面间热量传递方向随时间、季节的不同而发生着改变,甚至在同一时段内,林窗不同区域会存在热量传递方向截然相反的现象,显示出林窗内可能存在热量循环的小环流.其结果对深入探讨林窗区域的热量传输,小气候的形成机制、生物多样性和更新等问题均具有重要意义. 相似文献
965.
伴随着城市化的快速推进,非点源污染已成为城市污染的又一重大污染源,对其进行研究有着重要意义。文章从城市非点源污染的研究方法、研究手段、目前国内外城市非点源的研究进展、城市非点源污染管理和控制措施等方面进行了综述,最后提出了存在的问题和研究展望。 相似文献
966.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) investigation in different matrices has been reported largely, whereas reports on snow samples were limited. Snow, as the main matrix in the polar region, has an important study meaning. PAHs in snow samples were analyzed to investigate the distribution and contamination status of them in the Antarctic, as well as to provide some references for global migration of PAHs. Snow samples collected in Fildes Peninsula were enriched and separated by solid-phase membrane disks and eluted by methylene dichloride, then quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. All types of PAHs were detected except for Benzo(a)pyrene. Principal component analysis method was applied to characterize them. Three factors (Naphthalene, Fluorene and Phenanthrene) accounted for 60.57%, 21.61% and 9.80%, respectively. The results showed that the major PAHs sources maybe the atmospheric transportation, and the combustion of fuel in Fildes Peninsula. The comparison of concentration and types of PAHs between accumulated snow and fresh snow showed that the main compound concentrations in accumulated snow samples were higher than those in fresh ones. The risk assessment indicated that the amount of PAHs in the snow samples would not lead to ecological risk. 相似文献
967.
信息化施工是山区高速公路建设的关键技术之一,对路基、桥隧等的设计施工均发挥重要作用。本文以永蓝高速公路新铺子隧道出口高边坡工程为依托,对高速公路边坡工程信息化施工方法进行了系统的探讨。研究指出边坡工程信息化施工方法的主要内容是通过发掘施工中所揭露的地质信息,进行必要的位移和应力等方面的监测,以获得相应资料及数据进行边(... 相似文献
968.
锡林郭勒草原荒漠化气候因素分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用1961-2006年锡林郭勒草原年、季、月降水量、平均气温、沙尘暴日数等气象资料,针对锡林郭勒草原荒漠化的现状进行分析。在气候变暖背景下,研究锡林郭勒草原干旱发生的规律及其成因,分析其带给锡林郭勒草原荒漠化的影响,得到以下结论:1.锡林郭勒草原沙化、荒漠化严重,沙化面积位居内蒙古自治区第一,荒漠化面积位居内蒙古自治区第二。2.锡林郭勒草原春夏季降水趋势存在准25a气候振动,年代际变化特征比较突出。干旱发生的频率较高。3.气候变暖给锡林郭勒草原干旱带来较大的影响。4.沙尘暴频发与干旱相互影响,同时对锡林郭勒草原草场生态资源产生一定的影响。5.生态环境恶化,导致大面积土地资源和生物资源丧失。恶化的生态环境已经影响到了锡林郭勒草原社会经济的发展。 相似文献
969.
预处理是提高木质纤维材料酶解效果的关键步骤,更是木质纤维材料制造生物乙醇的重要环节.因此,对木质纤维材料进行预处理以促进酶解糖化过程具有重要意义.本研究以稻秆为原料,探讨不同类型表面活性剂(包括阳离子型、阴离子型、非离子型、生物)联合离子液体对木质纤维材料转化率及酶解初速度的影响,并通过稻秆成分分析、FTIR、XRD对处理前后稻秆的结构、结晶性进行了分析比较.结果表明,与单独离子液体处理相比,表面活性剂联合离子液体预处理稻秆可提升纤维转化率,效果为:生物表面活性剂-离子液体非离子型表面活性剂-离子液体阴离子型表面活性剂-离子液体阳离子型表面活性剂-离子液体.与未处理及单独离子液体处理稻秆相比,生物表面活性剂-离子液体预处理稻秆的纤维转化率分别提高55.38%和22.03%. 相似文献
970.