粉煤灰制聚合氯化铝铁和白碳黑新工艺

采用粉煤灰制备聚合氯化铝铁和白碳黑.该法共分一次酸浸、碱溶、焙烧、二次酸浸4个阶段.实验确定的最佳工艺条件为:一次酸浸阶段酸溶温度100℃,碱溶阶段m(氢氧化钠):m(活化高硅渣)=0.6,二次酸浸阶段m(碳酸钠):m(灰渣A)=0.8、盐酸质量分数20%.在此条件下Fe~(3+)和Al~(3+)的总浸出率分别为96.54%和86.67%.主要产品聚合氯化铝铁的质量符合GB15892-2003<水处理剂聚氯化铝>的标准;产品白碳黑的质量符合GBl0517-89<沉淀二氧化硅>的标准.     

煤矸石淋溶污染物对高速公路沿线土壤水环境污染的仿真研究

利用淋容试验,模拟自然降雨,分析了煤矸石对高速公路沿线地下水造成的污染,获得了大量真实可靠的数据,得出了煤矸石淋溶液中无机盐是造成高速公路沿线地下水污染的主要原因.并基于多孔介质流体力学和溶质运移动力学建立了描述微量元素在土壤-水环境系统中迁移的数学模型,利用该模型对煤矸石淋溶微量元素在道路沿线土壤-水环境中的迁移规律进行了模拟分析,进一步预测了污染物浓度变化规律及分布特征,可为公路沿线土壤-水环境污染提供分析依据.     

Are non‐poor households always less vulnerable? The case of households exposed to protracted civil war in Southern Sudan

Civil wars in Africa are now the leading contributory cause of vulnerability of rural communities. Understanding vulnerability during civil war is critical for humanitarian response and post-conflict rehabilitation planning. The lack of understanding of vulnerability has led existing studies to make sweeping generalizations, either by equating the dynamics of vulnerability during civil wars with vulnerability in other risk events, or by projecting people in the 'war zones' as unable to cope and subsequently becoming vulnerable. This paper is an attempt to gain a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics of vulnerability during protracted civil war. It shows that during civil war the non-poor are not necessarily less vulnerable than poor households. The idea that people caught up in civil war are all vulnerable is not supported by the findings of this paper. It shows that the 'standard' pattern of vulnerability to drought is similar to that during exogenous counter-insurgency warfare, while a different pattern of vulnerability to endogenous shocks is identified.     

铁屑内电解法处理电镀含铬废水的实验研究及应用

详细介绍了铁屑内电解法处理技术的基本原理,同时就该法对六价铬去除率的影响因素：停留时间、pH值、铁炭比和铁屑粒径进行了动态试验,得到了较佳工艺参数,并成功应用于工程实例。结果表明：用铁屑内电解+斜管沉淀池+微孔过滤机处理电镀含铬废水,Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率达到99.6%以上,出水各监测指标优于国家《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）一级排放标准。实践证明该工艺投资少,处理成本低,运行简单,效果好。     

表面流人工湿地硝化和反硝化强度研究

通过对表面流人工湿地不同土壤层硝化反硝化强度的研究,探讨了表面流人工湿地脱氮过程中沿程硝化和反硝化作用的变化,以及不同C∶N对系统反硝化强度的影响.研究结果表明,系统可同时进行硝化和反硝化作用,硝化强度具有较明显的分层现象,表层土壤高于深层土壤.系统中沿程硝化强度呈递减趋势,硝化强度反映了氨氮去除率的大小,其去除率为68%.反硝化强度研究结果表明:深层土壤的反硝化强度略高于表层土壤;沿程1/3至1/2段最大;5倍碳源时反硝化强度最高,3倍碳源次之,不加碳源最低;但系统的反硝化强度普遍较高,保持了良好的脱氮效果.     

天然水与28种市售饮用水中"三氮"和磷的调查

2004年8月,测定了海水、黄河水、小清河水、雨水、地下水以及17种瓶装矿泉水、9种瓶装纯净水和北京市、青岛市自来水中的"三氮" (NH 4-N、NO-2-N、NO-3-N) 、无机磷、pH、DO等,发现天然水中NO-3-N过高,水体氮负荷增加,N/P最高达697,雨水pH最低为3.98,部分矿泉水NO-3-N比青岛市自来水还高,北京市自来水的NO-3-N高达8.53 mg/L,为所测饮用水之首.     

酚类化合物分子连接性指数与毒性

运用分子连接性指数(MCI)对部分酚类化合物的毒性进行了回归分析.以三阶价MCI(0Xv、1Xv、2Xv)为自变量,毒性指标为响应量,对比分析了酚类化合物对小鼠、发光菌和翻车鱼的毒性.结果显示,MCI对毒性的拟合总体较好,可用于对酚类化合物毒性的初步预测,但对小鼠的毒性显示化合物的专性毒性,拟合效果较差.变量的筛选采用向后筛选策略,结果表明,对于翻车鱼和发光菌,虽然自变量数减少,但方程拟合仍然很好.研究结果对于运用MCI研究化合物毒性具有一定的参考价值.     

改性活性炭吸附净化黄磷尾气巾的PH3

通过钢瓶配气模拟和气相色谱GC-14C测定的方法,研究了改性活性炭吸附净化黄磷尾气中PH3的相关问题.得到了吸附反应的最佳吸附温度、氧含量、气体流量、改性液浓度、活性炭粒径和焙烧温度.再生方法可行,可通过再生液回收磷酸.热重差热分析和孔径分布初步证明吸附质为磷和磷氧化物.     

实时控制SBR系统中的短程硝化反硝化

以人工模拟高氨氮废水为研究对象,采用循环间歇式曝气方式,以溶解氧浓度(DO)和pH值为过程控制参数,对SBR系统进行实时控制、全程跟踪.根据此过程中COD、NH4 -N、NO2--N和NO3--N 4项水质指标的变化情况,研究SBR系统中的短程硝化反硝化工艺.实验结果表明,在短程硝化反硝化工艺中,采用较高曝气量,并且在曝气过程中用DO和pH值作为过程控制参数是可行的.     

Surface ozone and meteorological condition in a single year at an urban site in central–eastern China

Surface ozone and some meteorological parameters were continuously measured from June 2003 to May 2004 at urban Jinan, China. The levels and variations of surface ozone were studied and the influences of meteorological parameters on ozone were analyzed. Annual and diurnal ozone variation patterns in Jinan both show a typical pattern for polluted urban areas. Daytime ozone concentrations in summer were the highest in the four seasons. However, during nighttime from 2100 to 0600 hours ozone concentrations in spring was higher than that in summer. Daily averaged ozone showed negative correlation with pressure and relative humidity and positive correlation with temperature, total solar radiation, sunshine duration and wind speed during the study period. Further studies show that, solar radiation is a primary influence factor for the daytime variations of ozone concentrations at this site; transport of pollutants by wind could enhance the pollution at this site; precipitation has a significant influence on decreasing surface ozone. A multi-day ozone episode from 16 to 21 June 2003 was observed at this site. Surface meteorological data analysis and backward trajectory computation show that the episode is associated with the influence of typhoon Soudelor, attributing to both local photochemical processes and transport of air pollutants from southeastern coastal region, especially Yangtze River Delta region.