Externalities, Floating Population and Spatial Agglomeration

With the further development of socialist market economy, the mobility of factor markets in China, especially the labor market, is strengthened. Externalities interacts with the agglomeration of productive factors. Under the framework of new economic geography, this article presents a theoretical model involving the endogenous population density affected by urban externalities. Results show that the population density is more concentrated around the center because the degree and extent of interaction between individuals intensifies when the distance from the center decreases. When there are several externalities resources, the aggregation of externalities changes the configuration of spatial factor allocation. These results fit well with the empirical facts about the decreasing density of floating population along the cities of Guangzhou, Dongguan and Shenzhen in Guangdong Province which is situated in the eastern coast of the Pearl River Delta. We fred that under the impacts of externalities released from Hong Kong into the coast, floating population was more concentrated around Shenzhen and Dongguan, which are more adjacent to Hong Kong compared with Guangzhou City.     

发达与欠发达地区耕地保护行为中的利益机制分析

本文从当前发达与欠发达地区耕地保护上的利益矛盾入手，以它们之间的内在经济关系为基础，运用局部均衡分析方法，构建了一个简单的经济模型，对上述矛盾“零和博弈”的长期效应进行了揭示，并讨论了消除这种不良影响的政策或制度安排。     

Structural-temporal organization of a rodent community in the Teletskaya Taiga,Altai Mountains

The structural-temporal organization of a murine rodent community in the taiga has been studied near Lake Teletskoe, Mountain Altai. The results show that the long-term dynamics of indices characterizing community diversity depend mainly on changes in the structure of dominance rather than on the population dynamics of species. The distribution of species in the factor space corresponds to their preference for certain biotopes, from dry to relatively moist. An analysis of relationships within the rodent community has revealed the synchronous dynamics of species abundance and antiphase pattern of changes in the structural indices of dominant species.     

农村沼气开发与温室气体减排

随着中央和地方政府的大力推动,农村沼气建设在过去的30多年中蓬勃发展.沼气利用不仅为农村节省了大量能源,也减少了温室气体的排放,这对加强农村生态建设与新农村建设有重要意义.在过去15年中,沼气总共提供了2.84×107t标准煤的能源量,净减少温室气体排放量约73 157.59Gg(千吨)二氧化碳当量(CO2-eq),年均减排量为4877Gg,相当于全国总排放量的0.07%～0.16%.因能源替代而减少的温室气体中,二氧化碳为84243.94Gg,甲烷为3560.01Gg CO2-eq,氧化亚氮则为26.008Gg CO2-eq.预测结果表明沼气产气量将在2010年与2020年分别达到156亿m3和385亿m3,减少的温室气体将分别为29328Gg和79380GgCO2-eq,开发农村沼气是我国应对气候变化的重要措施.     

中国流动人口的时空特征及其发展态势

中国人口流动具有显著的地域集中性和空间指向性。现阶段东部地区是主要人口流入地,中部地区是主要人口流出地;县内、市内和省内流动比重较大,流动距离与地区经济发展水平密切相关;建制镇和城市街道成为流动人口的主要流向,城乡结构分布地区差异显著。未来沿海吸纳流动人口的优势仍将持续,但比重尤其是低素质流动人口比重会逐步降低;中部地区产业发展将在一定程度上改变人口大规模外流的局面;西部地区将加速人口外迁和向宜居城市集中;东北地区伴随着产业复兴与区域振兴有可能成为未来人口流入增长较快的地区之一。流动人口空间分布与区域发展之间相互影响、相互制约,今后应加强政策引导与规划,使人口流动的方向、空间分布与区域长期发展的要求相吻合,使人口流动成为促进区域和谐、持续发展的有利因素。     

Soil enzyme activities and their indication for fertility of urban forest soil

To reveal the biological characteristics of urban forest soil and the effects of soil enzyme on soil fertility as well as the correlation between physicochemical properties and enzyme activities, 44 urban forest soil profiles in Nanjing were investigated. Basic soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities were analyzed in the laboratory. Hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and cellulase were determined by potassium permanganate titration, TTC (C₁₉H₁₅N₄·Cl) colorimetry, phenyl phosphate dinatrium colorimetry, and anthrone colorimetry, respectively. The result showed that soil pH, organic carbon (C), and total nitrogen (N) had great effects on hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in 0–20 cm thick soil. However, pH only had great effect on hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in 20–40 cm thick soil. Hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were important biological indicators for the fertility of urban forest soil. Both in 0–20 cmand 20–40 cmsoil, soil enzyme system (hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and cellulase) had a close relationship with a combination of physicochemical indicators (pH, organic C, total N, available K, available P, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and microbial biomass carbon (C_mic)). The more soil enzyme activities there were, the higher the fertility of urban forest soil.