工程区台风大风灾害评估方法的研究与应用——以苏通大桥为例

针对国家重大项目施工和运营中规避台风大风灾害风险的特殊需求,以国家重点工程苏通大桥为例,研究了工程区局地环境下台风大风灾害风险的分析评估方法。利用1949~2007年桥位地区影响台风资料,用气候统计学方法分析了苏通大桥桥位工程区影响台风的时空分布,并用蒙特卡罗模拟方法对8级以上台风大风对桥位区可能造成的灾损指数进行计算。结果表明:①影响桥位区的台风年均2.5个,其中出现8级以上阵风的严重影响台风年均0.78个,工程区从5月下旬~11月下旬均可能受台风袭击,7月上旬~9月中旬是桥位区影响台风的多发期,而8月份几率最大,台风大风主要出现在偏东南和偏北方向;②蒙特卡罗方法模拟的桥位区8级以上台风大风的期望灾损指数达到0.282 1,约占全省台风灾害期望灾损指数的48%,潜在的经济损失达到20 675万元。采用气候统计学原理和蒙特卡罗模拟方法,可以满足局部特殊环境下的对工程区气象灾害风险分析的需要,其结果可以作为施工管理和规避灾害风险的依据。     

采用接触面单元分析砼-岩系统的力学行为

考虑实际修建过程中塔基岩石开挖的施工特点和砼分期浇筑特点,通过建立三维实体模型,根据基于大变形理论的快速拉格朗日方法,运用考虑库仑屈服准则的塑性接触面单元计算了锦屏一级水电站泄洪洞进口塔基砼-岩接触系统的应力和变形,评价了塔基的稳定性,并与直接考虑材料为实体单元的计算结果进行了比较。工程算例数值计算结果表明,采用接触面单元来分析砼-岩系统的力学行为更合理、更实用。     

防尘口罩的选择

随着我国个体防护行业相关法律法规的不断完善,企业也越来越重视对员工的作业保护。如何选用合适的防护装备以达到最好的防护效果,已日渐引起关注。     

多阶段优化规划模型在天津应急资源基站优化规划中的应用

利用多阶段优化选址规划模型对天津市进行应急资源基站的选址规划研究.首先,利用集合覆盖模型(LSCP)确定满足需求的最小应急物流基站数,然后利用最大覆盖模型(MCLP),在备选位置中,根据不同的应急时间标准确定满足需求的合适位置作为应急物流基站的选址.通过计算,分别得到在30 min、45 min和60 min的不同应急时间标准下覆盖天津市全境所需的应急资源基站数以及合理的选址规划方案.研究表明,多阶段选址规划模型将选址规划问题分步骤解决,使问题简化,可以应用于不同的城市安全规划过程,为城市应急管理提供了应急决策依据,有效提高了城市应急管理能力.     

爆炸物冲击波的人体防护研究

针对爆炸物爆炸冲击波、破片或子弹冲击、高温高压气体热辐射等复杂环境下的人体伤害威胁,本文从人员损伤研究和防护材料研究两方面综述了国内外研究进展,最后为开展人体有效防护研究工作提出了几点建议.     

北京市危险化学品安全生产监管监控现状与技术选择

分析了北京市危险化学品的安全生产现状以及监管监控现状,预测了北京市危险化学品的监管监控趋势,为了提高危险化学品监管监控的能力,给出了监管监控危险化学品的优化技术。     

Photocatalytic remediation of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane contaminated soils using TiO2 and montmorillonite composite photocatalyst

TiO2 and montmorillonite composite photocatalysts were prepared and applied in degrading γ-hexachlorocyclohexane(γ-HCH)in soils.After being spiked with γ-HCH,soil samples loaded with the composite photocatalysts were exposed to UV-light irradiation.The results indicated that the photocatalytic activities of the composite photocatalysts varied with the content of TiO2 in the order of 10%＜70%＜50%＜30%.Moreover,the photocatalytic activity of the composite photocatalysts with TiO2 content 30% was higher than that of the pure P25 with the same mass of TiO2.The strong adsorption capacity of the composite photocatalysts and quantum size effect may contribute to its increased photocatalytic activities.In addition,effect of dosage of composite photocatalysts and soil pH on γ-HCH photodegradation was investigated. Pentachlorocyclohexene,trichlorocyclohexene,and dichlorobenzene were detected as photodegradation intermediates,which were gradually degraded with tlle phOtOdegradation evolution.     

CDM Project Activities in China＇s Iron and Steel Industry：Current Status,Barriers and Development Strategies

China is now facing huge pressure from both the domestic concern of energy security and the global community's call for emission reduction commitment. As one of the major energy consumers and greenhouse gas emitters, China's iron and steel industry has a huge clean development mechanism (CDM) potential. This article both quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes the current status of CDM project activities in the iron and steel industry in China, including characteristics of approved project types, applicable methodologies, and potential technology fields. From the perspective of project implementation, the article summarizes development barriers such as high investment risk, difficulty in project identification, strict requirements on PPDs, long registration waiting time, and etc. Policy suggestions are also put forwarded to help better promote the development of CDM projects in the iron and steel industry.     

鄱阳湖湿地现状问题与未来趋势

近年来鄱阳湖秋冬季水文呈干枯态势,湿地生态系统及其关键因子也发生了变化。如何合理保护和利用鄱阳湖湿地引起各方关注。系统综述了鄱阳湖湿地生态系统在水文、江湖关系、水质、水鸟栖息地、渔业资源等方面存在的问题,梳理了引起这些问题的外部和内部因素。针对"一切照常"和"水位调控"两种情景,预测了湿地未来的变化趋势,并指出了当前研究中的不确定性问题。研究认为:鄱阳湖秋冬季的低枯水位,对水质、湿地植被、水鸟栖息地以及鱼类食物资源和"三场"(即:产卵场、洄游通道、索饵场)产生了一定不利影响。建议通过模型模拟和情景预测来分析不同调控方案的影响效果,优化调控方案、将生态系统的负面影响降到最低。     

Molecular sex identification of sable and stone marten

Sable (Martes zibellina) and stone marten (Martes foina) populations are declining sharply and both species are threatened in China. Knowing the sex ratio of a population is important for long-term conservation and development of management plans for endangered marten species. We here describe the application of a novel PCR-RFLP method for sex determination in these two marten species. We developed a new designed primer pair (ZFLB1 and ZFLB2) that yields a smaller ZFX/ZFY PCR product (246 bp), which in combination with RFLP analysis, provides a simple and reliable method for gender determination in Martes zibellina and Martes foina. The method can be used on tissue and non-invasively collected hair samples for sex identification in wild marten populations, and is powerful for monitoring population status and trend of endangered martens.