鼠李糖脂及其产生菌对原油生物降解影响研究

考察了外加鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂和接种鼠李糖脂产生菌O-2-2对混合烃类降解菌降解原油的影响。结果表明,在降解体系中添加鼠李糖脂使原油20天的降解率由35.7%提高到57.6%。加入鼠李糖脂可同时提高烷烃和芳烃的降解率。在降解体系中接入菌株O-2-2能够快速利用石油烃中的烷烃类化合物并合成鼠李糖脂类生物表面活性剂,从而有效提高总石油烃的降解率。体系中菌株O-2-2的接入虽然使饱和烃的降解率大大提高,却降低了芳烃的降解率;这说明菌株O-2-2和其它烃类降解菌之间可能存在竞争生长关系。     

广州市区PM_(2.5)的污染特征

对广州市区PM2.5的污染状况进行了分析,结果表明广州市区的PM2.5呈现冬季浓度较高,夏季较低的季节性特征;PM2.5的日变化呈现出明显的双峰形;与PM10的相关性分析表明,PM2.5与PM10具有良好的线性关系。PM2.5/PM10的值约为0.59,表明广州市区空气中细颗粒物在PM10中的比重大于粗颗粒物,鉴于PM2.5的危害性及所占比例,应重视对其的监测。     

湖南省湘江流域环境污染的安全性研究

文章从水质、底泥、两岸土壤和植物以及两岸人群患病率分析了湖南省湘江流域的环境污染情况,结果表明湖南省湘江流域的污染较为严重。分析认为历史污染物排放,地质原因,矿山开采,植被变迁以及蚋污能力变小是导致湘江污染的主要原因。最后提出了污染治理的相关措施。     

环境监测现场监测中的质量管理

本文简要介绍了保证环境监测结果质量需控制的现场监测质量要素,并提出了相应的措施和建议。     

电化学法测定化学需氧量的研究及应用动态

总结了近年来的电化学法测定化学需氧量的研究进展及在线自动监测领域的应用现状。介绍了电化学法快速、准确和低耗、无二次污染的特点,指出了电化学法是实现化学需氧量快速检测和在线自动监测的发展方向之一,具有广阔的应用前景和深入研究的价值。     

福建省城市生活饮用水源地水质状况及保护措施

以2003年-2008年饮用水源地水质监测数据为基础,对福建省城市生活饮用水源地水质进行评价及趋势分析。评价结果表明：福建省城市生活饮用水源地水质总体较好,水质逐年改善,冬半年水质优于夏半年,湖库型水源地未出现水质富营养化现象;不同水体类型水源地中,地下水型水源地水质最好,河流型水源地次之,湖库型水源地水质较差。本文针对福建省城市生活饮用水源地水质状况及存在的安全问题,提出了相应的饮用水源地保护措施,为领导决策部门提供一定的理论依据。     

杭州交通噪声投诉点污染现状调查与防治

近年来杭州交通噪声投诉点主要分布在高架道路、立交桥和绕城高速附近的高层住户。对其中9个交通噪声投诉点的监测表明,昼间超4 a类标准的有4个,超标范围为0.1~7.6 dB;夜间9个点全部超4 a标准,超标范围为5.4~17.4 dB,夜间噪声超标特别严重。采用低噪声路面,设置隔声屏障,对敏感点安装通风隔声窗以及加强交通噪声管理等对策,可减轻交通噪声对敏感点的影响,从而减少交通噪声的投诉。     

Pollutants removal and simulation model of combined membrane process for wastewater treatment and reuse in submarine cabin for long voyage

A laboratory scale test was conducted in a combined membrane process (CMP) with a capacity of 2.91 m3/d for 240 d to treat the mixed wastewater of humidity condensate, hygiene wastewater and urine in submarine cabin during prolonged voyage. Removal performance of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +-N), turbidity and anionic surfactants (LAS) was investigated under di erent conditions. It was observed that the e uent COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS flocculated in ranges of 0.19–0.85 mg/L, 0.03–0.18 mg/L, 0.0–0.15 NTU and 0.0–0.05 mg/L, respectively in spite of considerable fluctuation in corresponding influent of 2120–5350 mg/L, 79.5–129.3 mg/L, 110–181.1NTU and 4.9–5.4 mg/L. The e uent quality of the CMP could meet the requirements of mechanical water and hygiene water according to the class I water quality standards in China (GB3838-2002). The removal rates of COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS removed in the MBR were more than 90%, which indicated that biodegradation is indispensable and plays a major role in the wastewater treatment and reuse. A model, built on the back propagation neural network (BPNN) theory, was developed for the simulation of CMP and produced high reliability. The average error of COD and NH4 +-N was 5.14% and 6.20%, respectively, and the root mean squared error of turbidity and LAS was 2.76% and 1.41%, respectively. The results indicated that the model well fitted the laboratory data, and was able to simulate the removal of COD, NH4 +-N, turbidity and LAS. It also suggested that the model proposed could reflect and manage the operation of CMP for the treatment of the mixed wastewaters in submarine.