Characteristics of sewage sludge and distribution of heavy metal in plants with amendment of sewage sludge

In order to better understand land application of sewage sludge, the characterization of heavy metals and organic pollutants were investigated in three different sewage sludges in Shanghai City, China. It was found that the total concentrations of Cd in all of sewage sludge and total concentrations of Zn in Jinshan sewage sludge, as well as those ofZn, Cu, and Ni in Taopu sludge are higher than Chinese regulation limit of pollutants for sludge to be used in agriculture. Leachability of rig in all of studied samples and that of Cd in Taopu sewage sludge exceed the limit values of waste solid extraction standard in China legislation. Based on the characteristics for three kinds of sewage sludge, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soil amended with Quyang sewage sludge on the accumulation of heavy metalo.by Begonia semperfloreas-hybr; Ophiopogon japonicas （L.F.） Ker-Gaw; Loropetalum chindense-var, rubrum; Dendranthema morifolium; Viola tricolor; A ntirrhinum majas; Buxas radicans Sieb; Viburnum macrocephalum; Osmanthas fragrans Lour; Cinnamomum camphora siebold and Ligustrum lucidum ait. Results showed that 8 species of plant survived in the amended soil, and moreover they flourished as well as those cultivated in the control soil. The heavy metal concentration in plants varied with species, As, Pb, Cd and Cr concentration being the highest in the four herbaceous species studied, particularly in the roots of D. morifolium. These plants, however, did not show accumulator of As, Pb, Cd and Cr. The highest concentration of Ni and Hg was found in the roots ofD. morifolium, followed by the leaves ofB. semperflorens-hybr. Levels of Zn and Cu were much higher in D. morifolium than in the other plant species. D. morifolium accumulated Ni, Hg, Cu and Zn, which may contribute to the decrease of heavy metal contents in the amended soil. Treatment with sewage sludge did not significantly affect the uptake of heavy metals by the L. chindense-var, rubrum, however, it significantly affected the uptake of heavy metals by D. morifolium.     

铁磁流体对煤粒瓦斯解吸性能影响实验研究*

为探究铁磁流体对煤体瓦斯解吸性能的影响,采用水浴恒温吸附解吸系统,开展0.44,0.65,1.14 MPa 3组不同平衡压力下加铁磁流体前后的瓦斯解吸对比实验,根据Langmuir方程经验公式计算瓦斯极限解吸量和初始扩散系数,分析铁磁流体对煤体瓦斯解吸影响的机理。结果表明:在3组不同平衡压力下加入铁磁流体后瓦斯极限解吸量由2.5,10,20 mL/g降低为2.22,3.33,10 mL/g,降低11.2%,66.7%,50%;初始扩散系数由0.997 1,1.629 9,3.888 3 μm2·s降低为0.685 5,0.997 1,2.933 5 μm2·s,降低31.25%,38.82%,24.56%。在铁磁流体的作用下,煤体瓦斯解吸性能得到大幅降低。     

一种基于工作流模型的系统运行评估方法

复杂信息系统各功能正常运行依赖于内部各数据处理节点之间的高效协作和数据交互。针对复杂信息系统运行情况评估的需求,提出了一种基于工作流模型的评估方法,能够依据系统运行过程中各节点之间的数据交互关系建立模型,通过该模型对系统的记录数据进行自动化处理,实现系统整体运行情况、各节点运行情况以及各项功能完成情况的统计和分析,实现故障问题的隔离和定位。     

HPLC-高分辨飞行时间质谱测定水中多种微囊藻毒素

水样经HLB小柱富集、净化后,采用高效液相色谱-四极杆-高分辨飞行时间质谱同时测定水样中MC-LA、MC-LF、〖JP3〗MC-LR、MC-LW、MC-LY、MC-RR、MC-YR、MC-WR等8种微囊藻毒素。试验表明,8种微囊藻毒素在0500 μg/L～〖JP〗100 μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0001 μg/L～0005 μg/L,自来水空白样品3个质量浓度水平的加标回收率为725%～998%,5次测定结果的RSD为19%～112%。将该方法用于测定珠海本地水产养殖鱼塘和小型水库的水样,结果均未检出     

基于用地倾向性评价的农村潜在土地利用冲突识别研究——以西峡县东坪村为例

精准识别农村潜在土地利用冲突是预先权衡和协调冲突用地,指导农村和谐发展的重要基础。以西峡县东坪村为例,综合考虑"发展建设—农业生产—生态维护"多重土地利用目标,进行建设用地、农业用地和生态用地的用地倾向性评价,建立倾向性比较矩阵识别潜在土地利用冲突区域,并根据识别成果提出相应的差别化管理建议。结果表明:东坪村有47%的土地存在明显潜在土地利用冲突的风险,包括冲突一般区和冲突激烈区,分别占土地总面积的20.61%和26.39%。冲突激烈区(J)中J1涉及面积最大,占土地总面积的18.84%,是接下来土地利用工作中亟需防治的重点问题。除此之外,用地优势区和冲突微弱区分别占土地总面积48.13%和4.87%。总体来看,东坪村内潜在土地利用冲突范围较大,程度较强,冲突形势较为严峻。     

铜管模拟输配系统中氯胺衰减过程与模拟

研究了氯胺在铜管模拟输配系统中的衰减过程,并利用一级反应动力学模型对氯胺衰减规律进行了模拟;考察了pH、初始氯胺浓度等水质条件与流速等水力条件对氯胺衰减速率的影响.结果表明,pH值是影响氯胺衰减速率与金属铜溶出的重要因素,pH越低氯胺衰减越快;提高氯胺初始浓度可加快氯胺衰减速度,也可增加金属铜的溶出量;流速对氯胺衰减速率的影响不大.此外,衰减动力学过程模拟结果表明,采用一级反应动力学模型可以较好地拟合不同条件下的氯胺衰减规律.从而对于工程中不同条件下消毒剂浓度预测具有重要意义.     

铬渣中Cr(Ⅵ)的浸出及强化研究

采用ICP-OES,XRD,SEM,EDX和电导率在线监测等手段分析铬渣浸取前后的变化及各种元素浸出量随pH值的变化,考察了添加化学悬浮剂、浸取体系和超声处理对铬渣中Cr（Ⅵ）浸出行为的强化作用.结果表明,浸取过程基本不改变铬渣的结构;pH为5-7,使用合适的浸取介质有利于Cr（Ⅵ）的溶出,通过添加化学悬浮剂APG650可提高浸取效率3倍,超声处理可提高浸取效率70多倍.