GB／T23465—2009《呼吸防护用品实用性能评价》简要

本文介绍了GB／T23465-2009《呼吸防护用品实用性能评价》的主要技术内容及其依据,以帮助相关人员理解与应用该标准。     

构建与完善民航持续安全保障体系

根据系统管理原理并在深入研究典型管理体系的基础上,提出要实现我国民航的持续安全,就要构建并不断完善保障持续安全的管理体系,即持续安全保障体系。对该体系的构成要素和运行机制进行了科学的设计,论述了各要素的内涵,对部分要素进行了创新性的诠释。建立了以信息为驱动力的体系的运行机制,并对进一步完善体系提出了建议。该体系的构建与完善将使民航的安全管理逐步实现自我监督和自我完善。     

SPE-PDA/FLD串联HPLC法测定水样中痕量多环芳烃

建立了固相萃取-PDA/FLD串联HPLC法测定水样中多环芳烃(PAHs)的分析方法,优化了固相萃取条件.结果表明,对1L水样加入10%有机改性剂进行固相萃取,采用3ml四氢呋喃洗脱后进行HPLC分析,平均回收率在95.22%-100.8%间,相对标准偏差为0.78%-6.68%,方法的检出限在0.03-220 ng·l-1之间.     

微波辐射在二氧化锰诱导下对六氯苯污染土壤的修复研究

以二氧化锰为微波吸附剂,在密封体系中研究了微波辐射技术对六氯苯污染土壤的修复效果。分别以不同浓度的酸碱水溶液添加到土壤中,在模拟含水率为20%情况下,硫酸(50%)介质下六氯苯处理效果最好,10min的微波辐射即可使50mg/kg的六氯苯达到完全去除;但是在纯水和10mol/L氢氧化钠介质下,六氯苯基本上没有去除;随着硫酸浓度的降低,六氯苯的去除率显著降低。气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)分析没有检测到新物质。六氯苯去除机理推测为,直接矿化或者HCB及其分解的中间产物同土壤发生化学结合而被固定起来,以致难以萃取出来。     

自然保护区的利用及开发

本文论述了自然保护区在国民经济中的地位,开发自然保护区的依据,保护区开发的方向,及有效利用保护区资源的建议.     

基于隆起变形分析的基坑坑底抗隆起稳定可靠度分析∗

采用土体硬化（Hardening Soil）模型,在 PLAXIS 2D 中建立基坑开挖数值模型,在获取坑底特征点隆起变形数据的基础上构建坑底隆起变形超限失效模式对应的极限状态函数,为提高计算效率,应用响应面法代替有限元计算快速获取坑底特征点隆起变形值,结合蒙特卡罗模拟方法进行坑底抗隆起稳定性可靠度分析,分析结果表明： 第三层土的卸载再加载模量 以及有效内摩擦角 的变异性对坑底抗隆起稳定性影响显著;第一层土的有效黏聚力 、有效内摩擦角 、割线模量 、切线模量 以及第二层土的有效黏聚力 的变异性对坑底抗隆起稳定性影响较小,但相对而言,第二层土的有效黏聚力 对坑底抗隆起稳定性的影响较大;对于坑底土体为粉砂的深基坑来说,对坑内土体进行加固可以有效约束坑底隆起变形。     

成炭型有机大分子/层状无机物复合成炭剂的制备及应用研究

层状无机物在聚合物基体中易团聚,限制了其在聚合物材料中的规模化应用。本工作通过将有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT)与一种具有超支化结构的磷氮大分子化合物HTPPP(以三嗪结构为基础,通过焦磷酸结构连接)在醇水体系中混合溶胀,再经过高温脱水,制备成HTPPP插层、剥离的OMMT成炭型有机大分子/层状无机物复合成炭剂(HTPPP-OMMT)。XRD测试表明层状结构的OMMT能够在HTPPP中被完全剥离。OMMT的复合降低了HTPPP的水溶性,并提高了其热稳定性。将有机/无机复合成炭剂HTPPP-OMMT作为单组分无卤膨胀阻燃剂应用于聚丙烯(PP),阻燃测试表明HTPPP-OMMT复合成炭剂的阻燃效率高于HTPPP。这是由于其在材料燃烧过程中能够催化形成更加致密的膨胀多孔炭层,而炭层在高温下的热氧稳定性更好。此外,有机/无机复合改善了HTPPP-OMMT在PP的相容性,能提高材料的力学和耐析出性能。     

含磷腰果酚基羟基型固化剂的合成及其阻燃环氧树脂的研究

随着环保意识的增强,开发高性能生物基环氧树脂以减少对石油基双酚A二缩水甘油醚(DGEBA)和4, 4’-二氨基二苯甲烷(DDM)的依赖越来越受到重视。基于腰果酚、苯酚、甲醛溶液和氯代磷酸二苯酯等原料合成了三种官能团数目可调控的腰果酚基羟基型固化剂(P1C1F-0.6DCP、P2C1F-0.6DCP和P3C1F-0.6DCP)并对其阻燃环氧树脂开展了相应的研究。垂直燃烧和极限氧指数(LOI)结果表明,DGEBA/P1C1F-0.6DCP、DGEBA/P2C1F-0.6DCP和DGEBA/P3C1F-0.6DCP均能通过V-0级别并且LOI值均在29%左右。锥形量热仪测试结果表明,DGEBA/P1C1F-0.6DCP、DGEBA/P2C1F-0.6DCP和DGEBA/P3C1F-0.6DCP的热释放速率峰值(pHRR)分别比DGEBA/DDM降低了68.4%、64.7%和70.7%。通过炭渣的形貌和结构分析,含磷腰果酚基羟基型固化剂的阻燃机理在于能够在燃烧过程中促进形成质量更高的炭渣,发挥更好的隔热、隔氧的效果。     

A review on analytical methods for pharmaceutical and personal care products and their transformation products

Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and corresponding transformation products have caused widespread concern due to their persistent emissions and potential toxicity. They have wide octanol-water partition coefficients (K_ow) and different ionization constants (pK_a) resulting in a poor analysis accuracy and efficiency. A suitable analytical method is the first prerequisite for further research on their environmental behavior to prioritize the substances. This study reviewed a full-scale analytical protocol for environmental samples in the recent ten years: from sampling to instrumental methods. Passive sampling techniques were compared and recommended for long-term continuous and scientific observation. A quick and effective sample extraction and clean-up method are highly required. Chromatographic methods coupled to mass spectrometry for determining PPCPs with a wide range of logK_ow (?7.53 to 10.80) were summed up. High-resolution mass spectrometry was confirmed to be a promising strategy for screening unknown transformation products, which would provide a nanogram level of detection limits and more accurate mass resolution. Screening strategies and mass change principles were summarized in detail. The recovery rate was important in multiple contaminants analysis identification and factors affecting the recovery rate of PPCPs were also discussed in this review, including sample matrix, target compounds characteristics, extraction method and solid-phase adsorbent. This review provides useful information for the selection of appropriate analytical methods and future development directions.     

Isolation and characterization of hydrophilic dissolved organic matter in waters by ion exchange solid phase extraction followed by high resolution mass spectrometry

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex substance occurring in marine and freshwater environments. DOM has many functions that modify physical, chemical and...