Urban carbon emission intensity under emission trading system in a developing economy: evidence from 273 Chinese cities

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The international community has generally recognized the key role of developing countries’ cities in reducing carbon emissions, an elemental way...     

Effect of lubricant sulfur on the morphology and elemental composition of diesel exhaust particles

This work investigates the effects of lubricant sulfur contents on the morphology, nanostructure, size distribution and elemental composition of diesel exhaust particle on a light-duty diesel engine. Three kinds of lubricant (LS-oil, MS-oil and HS-oil, all of which have different sulfur contents: 0.182%, 0.583% and 1.06%, respectively) were used in this study. The morphologies and nanostructures of exhaust particles were analyzed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Size distributions of primary particles were determined through advanced image-processing software. Elemental compositions of exhaust particles were obtained through X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results show that as lubricant sulfur contents increase, the macroscopic structure of diesel exhaust particles turn from chain-like to a more complex agglomerate. The inner cores of the core-shell structure belonging to these primary particles change little; the shell thickness decreases, and the spacing of carbon layer gradually descends, and amorphous materials that attached onto outer carbon layer of primary particles increase. Size distributions of primary particles present a unimodal and normal distribution, and higher sulfur contents lead to larger size primary particles. The sulfur content in lubricants directly affects the chemical composition in the particles. The content of C (carbon) decreases as sulfur increases in the lubricants, while the contents of O (oxygen), S (sulfur) and trace elements (including S, Si (silicon), Fe (ferrum), P (phosphorus), Ca (calcium), Zn (zinc), Mg (magnesium), Cl (chlorine) and Ni (nickel)) all increase in particles.     

On the effect of Fe(III) on proliferation of Microcystis aeruginosa at high nitrate and low chlorophyll condition

The impact of Fe concentrations on the growth of Microcystisaeruginosa in aquatic systems under high nitrate and low chlorophyll conditions was studied. The responses of cell density, total and cell chlorophyll-a intracellular Fe content and organic elemental composition of M. aeruginosa to different concentration gradients of Fe(III) in the solutions were analysed. The results showed that the proliferation speeds of M. aeruginosa were: (1) decelerated when the Fe(III) concentration was lower than 50 μg/L in the solutions, (2) promoted and positively related to the increase of Fe(III) concentration from 100 to 500 μg/L in the solutions over the experimental period, and (3) promoted in the early stage but decelerated in later stages by excess adsorption of Fe by cells when the Fe(III) concentration was higher than 500 μg/L in the solutions. The maximum cell density, total and cell chlorophyll-a were all observed at 500 μg Fe(III)/L concentration. The organic elemental composition of M. aeruginosa was also affected by the concentration of Fe(III) in the solutions, and the molecular formula of M. aeruginosa should be expressed as C_7–7.5H₁₄O_0.8–1.3N_3.5–5 according to the functions for different Fe(III) concentrations. Cell carbon and oxygen content appeared to increase slightly, while cell nitrogen content appeared to decrease as Fe(III) concentrations increased from 100 to 500 μg/L in the solutions. This was attributed to the competition of photosynthesis and nitrogen adsorption under varying cell Fe content.     

HAZOP分析在编制操作规程上的应用

结合实例分析,介绍如何将HAZOP分析方法引入到操作规程的编写过程当中,从而提升操作规程的有效性。     

消除次氯酸根对化学需氧量测定影响的研究

文章通过实验证明次氯酸根对化学需氧量测定的影响,并利用5种不同方式对样品进行前处理,优选出处理效果好的方法,消除次氯酸根对化学需氧量测定的干扰。     

浓盐水处理技术研究进展

海水淡化技术是解决中国水资源危机的一种具有根本性的举措之一.然而随着海水淡化产业规模的增大,其产生的浓盐水的排放成了本身面临解决的问题之一.本文阐述了浓盐水的特性及其对环境的各种危害性,并对浓盐水直接排放问题进行了详细分析.介绍了国内外近年来主要处理浓盐水的方法-真空膜蒸馏浓缩技术、正渗透技术、喷雾蒸发技术、冷冻法浓缩技术.对各种处理技术的原理和特点进行了详细综述,并对其研究进展进行了归纳总结.最后对各项处理技术的应用前景提出了展望.     

中美地热能资源管理比较探析

地热资源作为一种清洁能源在欧美国家已经普遍获得立法肯定,并建立起了较为成熟的法律规则。美国在地热资源的界定、地热财税制度、国有资源的保护等方面进行的立法探索,为中国当前的地热资源开发提供了良好的制度借鉴。在欧美国家的实践基础上,中国资源立法可以籍此完善国有资源的产权结构,构建起科学的地热资源用益机制。     

三氯氢硅建设项目污染源分析与控制

三氯氢硅是制备多晶硅的重要原料,三氯氢硅极易挥发,在空气中易燃,并能与空气形成爆炸混合物,其化学性质很不稳定,遇水或水蒸气发生剧烈的放热反应,形成有毒的腐蚀性氯化氢烟雾;通过对三氯氢硅建设项目工艺流程及产污环节分析,探讨了该类项目生产过程废气、废水、噪声、固体废物等污染物的种类、成分及产生量,在此基础上提出了相应的污染控制措施,对该类项目环境影响评价工作有一定的指导作用。     

地震海啸危险性分析研究进展

本文追溯地震海啸危险性分析研究的兴起与发展,介绍地震海啸危险性分析的原理和方法,综述地震海啸危险性分析的常用工具———地震海啸数值模式的研究进展,讨论目前地震海啸危险性分析研究中存在的主要困难和问题。指出建立地震海啸危险性分析不确定性的定性分析和定量评估方法,进行地震海啸危险性分析的不确定性评估,应是今后的一个重要研究方向。     

地铁停车场上盖物业开发声环境影响评价研究

占地面积大、交通便利的地铁停车场上盖物业开发越来越受到青睐。以南京市江宁大学城停车场上盖物业为例,对受到地铁停车场、高架地铁和公路3方面噪声源影响的上盖物业进行了声环境影响预测分析。得出:该项目受到停车场噪声影响的最大声级达61.9dB(A),受到高架地铁噪声和公路噪声叠加影响的等效声级昼间可达67.7dB(A),夜间可达63.6dB(A)。在确保落实相应防护措施的前提下,地铁停车场上盖物业在声环境上总体上具有可行性。