排放系数法估算污染物排放总量

掌握污染物总量动态变化情况，采用排放系统法进行估算是有效的方法。利用１９９５年上海乡镇工业污染调查数据对排放系数进行验证，说明应如何选用排放系数。     

Removal of high concentrated ammonia nitrogen from landfill leachate by landfilled waste layer

The landfill of municipal solid waste(MSW) could be regarded as denitrification reactor and involved in ammonia nitrogen biological removal process. In this research, the process was applied to municipal solid waste collected in Shanghai, China, which was characterized by high food waste content. The NH4^ removal efficiency in the system of SBR nitrifying reactor followed by fresh and matured landfilled waste layer in series was studied. In the nitrifying reactor, above 90% of NH4^ in leachate was oxidized to NO2^- and NO3^- . Then high concentrated NO2^- and NO3^- were removed in the way of denitrification process in fresh landfilled waste layer. At the same time, degradation of fresh landfilled waste was accelerated. Up to the day 120, 136.5 gC/(kg dry waste) and 17.9 gN/(kg dry waste) were converted from waste layer. It accounted for 50.15 % and 86.89 % of the total carbon and nitrogen content of preliminary fresh waste, which was 4.42 times and 5.17 times higher than that of reference column respectively. After filtering through matured landfilled waste, BOD5 concentration in leachate dropped to below 100 mg/L, which would not affect following nitrification adversely. Because the matured landfilled waste acted as a well methanogenic reactor, 23% of carbon produced accumulatively from fresh landfilled waste degradation was converted into CH4.     

森林合理年伐量分析确定方法研究

森林合理年伐分析确定是年森林采伐限额编制的关键技术之一,也是森林经理学的重要内容之一。本文从森林永续利用理论出发,以消长比度、成熟林采伐度、龄级结构改善度、流量均衡度、需要满足度５个指标建立了分析确定的综合评价模型,提出了森林合理年伐量分析确定的精确化方法,从而有效地保证了结果的科学性和准确性。     

Occurrence and congeners specific of poiychlorinated biphenyls in agricultural soils from Southern Jiangsu, China

A total of 198 agricultural soil samples were collected from Zhangjiagang and Changshu in Southern Jiangsu for analysis of 13 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in order to assess the levels of pollution, sources, area distribution, and potential risk for the environment. All methods were rigorously tested and an adequate quality control was ensured. Only one site had no PCBs residues, and the highest total PCBs concentration in the surface soils was 32.83 ng/g. The average concentration in all the soil samples was 4.13 ng/g, signaling low-level pollution. Tetra-, penta-, and hexa-chlorinated biphenyls were dominant species in soil samples, accounting for more than 75% ofΣPCBs in the soil samples. PCB118 was the most abundant congener in all the samples. The PCB118 was about 20% ofΣPCBs. The soil organic matter content showed only a weak correlation with the levels of all PCB congeners, in which a better correlation was noted for the more volatile lighter PCB congeners than for the heavier homologues. To a certain extent, the sources and land use seemed to influence the levels of PCBs.     

电晕法处理易挥发性有机物(VOCs)的实验研究

叙述了电晕法处理易挥发性有机物（ＶＯＣｓ）的实验研究。从实验中得出ＶＯＣｓ去除率与电场强度和空管速度的关系。对比了有填料与无填料时线 管式反应器处理ＶＯＣｓ的效果     

哈尔滨市交通噪声监测与评价

本文结合哈尔滨市历年交通噪声的状况及变化趋势,探讨了其近几年交通噪声的状况,并对部分路段进行了实际监测.根据调查结果和实际监测结论,本文综合系统地分析了哈尔滨市交通噪声强度和主要影响因素的发展变化趋势,对哈尔滨市交通噪声进行了初步评价,提出了全市交通噪声控制对策.     

区域环境质量综合评价的一种方法——Fuzzy概率法

本文应用Fuzzy概率原理,在对区域环境内各单项污染指标进行分级评价的基础上,考虑各单项污染指标在总体中的权重,并综合各单项污染指标的作用,给出区域环境内环境“总”质量的综合评价。     

可持续发展战略及其宏观调控机制

可持续发展战略对环境保护参与国民经济决策提出新的要求.市场经济体制产生“市场失灵”,应加强宏观调控机制,保证经济与环境协调发展.探讨了社会主义市场经济条件下环境与发展宏观调控机制的思路与设想.     

我国土地资源利用的几个战略问题

我国人均资源占有量远低于世界水平,资源供应日益紧缺,并将成为经济发展的一个重要的约束条件。从土地资源的潜力来看,我国土地理论的最高人口承载量可能是15—16亿人,并在相当长的时期内将处于临界状态。关键在于控制人口的增长和在农业方面采取超常规的增产措施,特别是大幅度增加农业投入。我国土地生产潜力东部大于西部,粮食生产的重点应放在中部地带。20亿亩耕地是我国国土资源的精华所在,种植业的主攻方向应放在中产田,并大力加强我国九片商品粮基地的建设。林业建设的战略重点应尽快转向山区。牧业应发展饲料生产,开辟新的饲料基地。从总体看,应强调发展资源节约型的农业,以内涵挖潜为主,向生产的深度和广度进军。     

铜陵石炭纪威宁期沉积相及与黄铁矿矿床的关系

铜陵地区石炭纪威宁期存在潮坪相,泻湖相和浅海陆棚相。白云岩有两种,准同生白云岩分布于潮坪,成岩白云岩分布于泻湖内,本区以成岩白云岩为主。白云岩中赋存了层位稳定的黄铁矿矿床,黄铁矿在泻湖相最易富集,成岩作用是黄铁矿矿床形成的一个重要因素。