一株受二噁英类化合物诱导表达绿色荧光蛋白的胃癌细胞系的建立

将人工合成的5个相连的XRE(Xeobiotic response element)和minimal CMV(Human cytomegalovirus)启动子,插入载体pEGFP-1,构建得到载体pXRE5-EGFP.以pXRE5-EGFP转染人胃癌细胞SGC-7901,经过筛选得到一株受2,3,7,8-四氯代二苯并二英(2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,TCDD)诱导表达绿色荧光蛋白的细胞系XRE5-SGC-7901.将XRE5-SGC-7901细胞株暴露于不同浓度TCDD(0、250、500pg·mL-1)中,发现TCDD暴露组XRE5-SGC-7901细胞中绿色荧光蛋白的表达量显著升高,且与TCDD暴露浓度呈正相关.新构建的细胞株具有二英类化合物诱导表达绿色荧光蛋白的功能.     

几株光合细菌的表型特征及DNA－NDA同源性分析

对５株新分离的光合细菌从形态、生理生化及ＤＮＡ－ＤＮＡ同源性等方面进行了研究．结果表明，菌株８与深红红螺菌（Ｐｈｏｄｏｓｐｉｒｉｌｌｕｍｒｕｂｒｕｍ）的模式菌株ＡＴＣＣ１１１７０的ＤＮＡ－ＤＮＡ同源性为９７％，菌株３７与沼泽红假单胞菌（Ｒｈｏｄｏｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｐａｌｕｓｔｒｉｓ）的模式菌株ＡＴＣＣ１７００１的ＤＮＡ－ＤＮＡ同源性为８０％；菌株５５与球形红杆菌（Ｒｈｏｄｏｂａｃｔｅｒｓｐｈａｅｒｏｉｄｅｓ）的模式菌株ＡＴＣＣ１７０２３的ＤＮＡ－ＤＮＡ同源性为７１％；菌株４０和５２分别为另外两个ＤＮＡ同源群．根据各菌株形态、生理生化等表型特征以及ＤＮＡＧ＋Ｃｍｏｌ％和ＤＮＡ－ＤＮＡ同源性分析结果，确定了几株光合细菌的分类地位．     

控制稻田甲烷排放的农业耕作条件的研究

在1990—1992年期间中国环境科学研究院观测了北京地区洼里乡的稻田中甲烷的排放情况。其间农田中施用了有机堆肥和几种化学肥料,以观察化学肥料和有机肥料对甲烷排放的影响。结果显示,在通常的农业耕作条件下本地区甲烷排放水平为17.6mg/m~2·h,并且在整个生长期中间有两个排放高峰,高峰期甲烷排放量占全年排放总量的65％以上,试验结果还显示有机肥料具有增加甲烷排放的作用;化学肥料,如硫胺、尿素等,在其有效作用期间,有抑制甲烷排放的作用,间歇灌溉是有效控制甲烷排放的方法之一。     

马氏甲烷八叠球菌S－6的一个染色体区段的表达、序列分析和结构分析

用一组多克隆抗体对马氏甲烷八叠球菌（Ｍｅｔｈａｎｏｓａｒｃｉｎａｍａｚｅｉ）Ｓ－６菌株的基因组ＤＮＡ文库进行了筛选．仅选出ｐ６０Ａ克隆能对马氏甲烷八叠球菌中可发生细胞形态学变化菌株的抗血清发生阳性反应．对ｐ６０Ａ克隆的双链ＤＮＡ进行了序列分析．识别出一开式阅读框架（ｏｐｅｎｒｅａｄｉｎｇｆｒａｍｅＰ，ＯＲＦＰ）．表达的蛋白是ＯＲＦＰ编码的蛋白的３倍，并得到ＯＲＦＰ蛋白的三聚体，在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ中表现出整体蛋白的迁移行为．同时，此表达蛋白抗１０％ＳＤＳ，６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ尿素及热处理．基因结构分析表明，ＯＲＦＰ具有与Ｍ．ｂａｒｋｒｉｍｃｒＡ有同源性的核糖体结合位点和一个与甲烷细菌启动子共有序列相似度达７７％的启动子序列．使用参照序列分析表明，由ＯＲＦＰ演绎的氨基酸序列，具有高密度的带电荷的氨基酸和占优势的β－层迭构型．对此表达蛋白作了Ｎｅｕｒｏｓｒｏｒａｃｒａｓｓａ的ｐｏｒｉｎ蛋白抗血清试验，以研究其可能功能．检验了Ｍ．ｍａｚｅｉＳ－６细胞的蔗糖梯度制备物，对此原细胞中的ＯＲＦＰ蛋白作了定位．结果表明，ＯＲＦＰ蛋白可能是一种古细菌Ｐｏｒｉｎ，其在Ｍ．ｍａｚｅｉＳ－６中的表达，可能象大肠杆菌那样与渗透压调节有关．     

A Reliability and Risk Analysis System for Multipurpose Reservoir Operation

This paper proposes a reliability analysis system, which can be widely applied to the cases in which a reservoir is operated to meet several purposes such as flood control, energy generation, irrigation, domestic and industrial water supply, etc. The presented system has a structure of three levels.1. Decision-making.2. Tradeoff analysis.3. The third level that mainly consists of three subsystems:i – The reservoir flood risk analysis subsystem by flood control simulation.ii – The benefit promotion subsystem of reservoir operation using Stochastic Dynamic Programming. In this subsystem, the Lagrange multipliers are introduced into the objective function to take into account the water supply failures. This method guarantees that each run of the SDP will necessarily derive a non-inferior policy for reservoir operation.iii – The reservoir operation simulation subsystem to derive the performance indices associated with the reservoir operation policies. With the input and feedback between the second level and the subsystems of the third level, a great deal of efficient operation policies and the associated performance indices can be obtained. Then the tradeoff relationships between different performance indices can be derived for the decision makers. With application to Yudong Reservoir in Yunnan province of China, the presented analysis system is practically tested.     

Scenarios of major terrestrial ecosystems in China

The spatial pattern and mean-center shift of major terrestrial ecosystems, termed Holdridge Life Zones (HLZ), during the periods from 1961 to 1990 (T1), from 2010 to 2039 (T2), from 2040 to 2069 (T3) and from 2070 to 2099 (T4) were analyzed by combining the zonal patterns of climatic change in China and the climatic change scenarios of HadCM2 and HadCM3. The results showed that nival area would decrease rapidly with temperature increase in the future. HadCM2 and HadCM3 predicted that the nival areas might disappear in 552 years and 204 years, respectively. Using both HadCM2 and HadCM3, the five HLZ types with the largest areal extent are nival zone, cool temperate moist forest, warm temperate moist forest, subtropical moist forest and boreal wet forest, which collectively account for more than 50% of China's land mass. Among these five HLZ types, nival zone, warm temperate moist forest and boreal wet forest would decrease continuously, whereas subtropical moist forest and cool temperate forest would increase continuously during the four periods. HLZ diversity and patch connectivity would increase continuously in the 21st century. The shift distances of mean centers of HLZ types simulated using HadCM3 were markedly greater than those simulated using HadCM2, in general. The results from both HadCM2 and HadCM3 showed that boreal wet forest, subtropical moist forest, tropical dry forest, warm temperate moist forest and subtropical wet forest had bigger shift ranges, indicating that these HLZ types are more sensitive to the climatic change scenarios of HadCM2 and HadCM3.     

一种赤腹松鼠种群数量的估计方法

赤腹松鼠剥食树皮的行为对林木危害严重,根据野外长期的观察和研究发现,赤腹松鼠在剥落树皮上遗留下来的上门齿齿印间距具有个体差异,可以用作个体识别的依据.对2003年监测样地内赤腹松鼠在剥落树皮上的齿印间距测量记录,并统计分析以估计赤腹松鼠的个体数量.结果表明:种群数量与危害率的相关系数为0.876,P=0.01,表现出很强的正相关关系;显示在较小面积内,该方法可以用来估计赤腹松鼠的个体数量.同时对该方法的基本条件和局限进行了讨论.图2表4参10     

Hg^2＋可增强Zn^2＋对克氏螯虾触角神经动作电位放电的抑制作用

运用电生理学方法，观察Ｈｇ（２＋）、Ｚｎ（２＋）联合对克氏螯虾第一触角内侧枝神经动作电位放电的影响．当Ｈｇ（２＋）、Ｚｎ（２＋）浓度分别达到０．００００２５ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ时，这两种离子联合对触角神经的毒性作用潜伏期（ＴＬ）为４６．７５±２２．６９ｍｉｎ（Ｎ＝８），触角神经动作电位放电持续时间（ＤＤ）为１１５．２８±４０．９５ｍｉｎ，表示其放电频率（Ｆｎ／Ｆｌ）与作用时间关系的直线回归方程的ｂ值为－０．０８１８，与渔业水体最高允许Ｚｎ（２＋）含量０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ比较，两者间无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．１）．说明Ｈｇ２＋对Ｚｎ（２＋）的毒性具有增强效应．因此，在对有Ｈｇ（２＋）和Ｚｎ（２＋）污染的水体进行评估时，似应考虑到Ｈｇ（２＋）对Ｚｎ（２＋）毒性的增强效应．     

盐碱胁迫对水稻主要生育性状的影响

对7个水稻品种(品系)和苏打盐碱土(pH6．5～19．81)进行盆栽试验，探讨了盐碱胁迫对水稻株高、秆长、分蘖和抽穗期等主要生育性状的影响。结果表明，盐碱胁迫使水稻株高降低、秆长缩短，且盐碱度越大，降低幅度越大；盐碱胁迫使水稻单株分蘖力明显下降，使分蘖高峰明显推迟或不出现分蘖高峰；水稻抽穗期随着盐碱度的提高，其延长的天数越长，并且发现不耐盐碱的早熟品种比耐盐碱的中晚熟品种抽穗晚；水稻成熟期的株高或秆长不宜作为衡量其耐盐碱强弱的主要指标，只能作为一般参考指标。水稻单株分蘖力(茎蘖数)和抽穗期存在明显的基因型差异，是衡量水稻耐盐碱强弱的良好指标。盐碱地种稻应重视选择单株分蘖力较强的耐盐碱品种，这对提高单位面积的有效穗数具有十分重要的意义。     

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in sediment, soil, fish, shellfish and crab samples from Tokyo Bay area, Japan

Concentrations of tetra- to octa-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in samples collected in or near Tokyo Bay, Japan, with a densely inhabited catchment area, were congener-specifically determined and discussed. Analyzed in this study were samples of surface sediment covering the whole bay area, reference soil representing atmospheric impact, and fish, shellfish and crab commonly consumed as food. The range of concentrations were comparable to or higher than those in other parts of Japan. The origins of these compounds in the catchment area of the bay were investigated in terms of homolog and isomeric compositions in the sediment samples. Biota-sediment accumulation factors for benthic species declined as the degree of chlorination increased.