Anaerobic degradation of nonylphenol in soil

This study investigated the effects of various factors on the anaerobic degradation of nonylphenol (NP) in soil. The results show that the optimal pH for NP degradation was 7.0 and that the degradation rate was enhanced when the temperature was increased. The addition of compost enhanced NP degradation. The individual addition of the electron donors lactate, acetate, and pyruvate inhibited NP degradation. The high-to-low order of NP degradation rates under three anaerobic conditions was sulfate-reducing conditions > methanogenic conditions > nitrate-reducing conditions. The results show that sulfate-reducing bacteria, methanogen, and eubacteria are involved in the anaerobic degradation of NP, with sulfate-reducing bacteria being a major component of the soil. Of the anaerobic strains isolated from the soil samples, strain AT3 expressed the best ability to biodegrade NP.     

蒽醌染料中间体溴氨酸降解酶的特性

从污染地分离筛选出的菌株BX26对蒽醌染料中间体溴氨酸有显著的降解脱色作用,降解过程受降解酶的控制,试验结果表明,降解酶为溴氨酸诱导的胞外酶,该酶在温度高于50℃处理后失活,盐度对该酶失活有影响,盐度高于1%会显著降低该酶活力,酶对溴氨酸的催化脱色要有氧参加,氮气气氛中酶活受抑制。     

Assessment of urban sustainability efficiency based on general data envelopment analysis: a case study of two cities in western and eastern China

Sustainable urban development focuses on enhancing urban well-being, while also balancing the demands of urban social and economic development, natural resource consumption, and environmental pollution. This work used general data envelopment analysis to assess the urban sustainability efficiency (USE) and sustainability potential (SP) in Lanzhou and Xiamen, two cities that are characteristic of urban areas in western and eastern China. The assessment indicator system included important natural and urban welfare factors as input and output indices, respectively. The results showed that overall urban sustainability efficiency increased in Lanzhou and Xiamen from 1985 to 2010, but that the sustainability of natural resources clearly decreased. The urban sustainability efficiency of Xiamen was higher than that of Lanzhou, and the sustainability potential of Xiamen was lower than that of Lanzhou; this indicates that Xiamen performed better in terms of urban sustainable development. The urban sustainability efficiency in Xiamen has increased with increasing urban population, and the rate and scale of economic development have been higher than in Lanzhou. The assessment and analysis performed in this study show that cities with different natural resources and development characteristics have different forms, patterns, and trajectories of sustainable development.     

Removal of organic toxic chemicals using the spent mushroom compost of Ganoderma lucidum

The removal of the organic toxic chemicals di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP), nonylphenol (NP), and bisphenol-A (BPA) by laccase obtained from the spent mushroom compost (SMC) of the white rot fungi, Ganoderma lucidum, was investigated. The optimal conditions for the extraction of laccase from SMC required using sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0, solid : solution ratio 1 : 5), and extraction over 3 h at 4 °C. The removal of NP was enhanced by adding CuSO(4) (1 mM), MnSO(4) (0.5 mM), tartaric acid (20 mM), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS; 1 mM), and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT; 20 mg L(-1)), with ABTS yielding a higher NP removal efficiency than the other additives. At a concentration of 2 mg L(-1), DBP, DEHP, NP, and BPA were almost entirely removed by laccase after incubation for 1 day. The removal efficiencies, in descending order of magnitude, were DBP > BPA > NP > DEHP. We believe that these findings could provide useful information for improving the efficiency of the removal of organic toxic chemicals in the environment.     

高氯低COD值水样的无汞快速测定法

以硝酸银和硫酸铬钾代替硫酸汞来消除 COD 测定中的氯离子干扰,同时将重铬酸钾溶液的浓度降低为0.100 mol／L,并用硫磷混酸代替硫酸,该方法经过对标准样品和实际样品的测定,表现出对于测定氯离子含量低于25000 mg／L的高氯低 COD 值水样具有较好的准确度和精密度,同时可以实现银盐的回收再利用。     

Application of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in immobilization of Pb and Cd in soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the present study, heavy metal (HM)-tolerant phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were isolated and their performance during the remediation of Pb...     

城镇化过程对鄱阳湖流域生态系统的影响

城镇化是社会经济发展和现代文明的重要标志,但带来了严重的资源危机和生态环境问题。以鄱阳湖独特的流域特征为研究对象,以城市人口数量表征城镇化的进程,分类解析1990~2011年江西省统计年鉴数据,通过讨论鄱阳湖土地资源结构变化、水资源变化特征、湿地生态系统、生物多样性等资源消耗程度,以及大气污染和水污染为代表的城镇主要污染问题,探讨快速城镇化下鄱阳湖生态环境对干扰的响应。结果表明：鄱阳湖流域各城市的城镇化进展及其机制不同,南昌、九江和上饶城市扩张迅速,而景德镇和赣州发展较平缓;城镇化导致水资源日益紧缺,各城市年总用水量2003年以后均呈增加趋势,其中农业用水量逐年增加,工业用水量各城市年变化存在差异;生物多样性特征受到严重威胁,湖泊水面及湿地面积的持续减少,生物环境的组成和结构发生改变;九江等城市工业废气排放量加大、南昌等城市工业废水排放高,造成湖区环境恶化。根据分析,建议鄱阳湖流域未来从规划土地利用类型、统一调配水资源、制定生物多样性保护对策、加强环境污染治理、强化环保宣传和规划与政策法律化等多方面采取措施。本文为鄱阳湖生态系统可持续发展和生态经济区的城镇化建设提供理论参考     

Characterization of residue from leached cathode ray tube funnel glass: reutilization as white carbon black

Cathode ray tube (CRT) funnel glass remains an urgent environmental problem and is composed mainly of lead oxide and silicon oxide. In this research, the residue could be obtained from 2 h to 500 rpm activated CRT funnel glass after extracting lead via acid leaching under the conditions of HNO₃ concentration 1.0 mol/L, leaching temperature 95 °C and leaching time 1 h. In order to reutilize the residue, its physico-chemical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that the residue was an amorphous superfine powder with approximately 93 wt% silica oxide and specific surface area of more than 170 m²/g. It can be reutilized as white carbon black.     

Seasonal variation and spatial distribution of atmospheric mercury and its gas-particulate partition in the vicinity of a semiconductor manufacturing complex

This study investigated the tempospatial variation of atmospheric mercury and its gas-particulate partition in the vicinity of a semiconductor manufacturing complex, where a plenty of flat-monitor manufacturing plants using elemental mercury as a light-initiating medium to produce backlight fluorescence tubes and may fugitively emit mercury-containing air pollutants to the atmosphere. Atmospheric mercury speciation, concentration, and the partition of total gaseous mercury (TGM) and particulate mercury (Hg_p) were measured at four sites surrounding the semiconductor manufacturing intensive district/complex. One-year field measurement showed that the seasonal averaged concentrations of TGM and Hg_p were in the range of 3.30–6.89 and 0.06–0.14 ng/m³, respectively, whereas the highest 24-h TGM and Hg_p concentrations were 10.33 and 0.26 ng/m³, respectively. Atmospheric mercury apportioned as 92.59–99.01 % TGM and 0.99–7.41 % Hg_p. As a whole, the highest and lowest concentrations of TGM were observed in the winter and summer sampling periods, respectively, whereas the concentration of Hg_p did not vary much seasonally. The highest TGM concentrations were always observed at the downwind sites, indicating that the semiconductor manufacturing complex was a hot spot of mercury emission source, which caused severe atmospheric mercury contamination over the investigation region.