西葫芦对土壤持久性有机氯化物污染的指示性研究

西葫芦(Cucurbita pepo L.)对土壤中持久性有机氯化物的超强吸收能力已被证实,意味其具有指示区域土壤持久性有机氯化物污染状况的潜能。本研究采用农田小区试验,考察了西葫芦不同组织器官(根、过渡茎、茎、叶和果实)在6个生长期对有机氯化物的累积吸收行为;采用同位素稀释高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱法,分析了种植土壤及西葫芦各组织器官中的21种有机氯农药(OCPs)和18种多氯联苯(PCBs)。结果表明,西葫芦可将根吸收的OCPs和PCBs传递到过渡茎和茎。不同生长期采集的西葫芦根、过渡茎和茎中的OCPs和PCBs浓度基本稳定,无明显生物稀释效应,且此3个组织器官中OCPs和PCBs的分布模式与土壤中的分布模式基本一致。因此,可以用西葫芦根和茎中持久性有机氯化物的浓度指示土壤中持久性有机氯化物的污染水平,根和茎的采样时间可以不受西葫芦生长期的限制。     

Isolation and characterization of hydrophilic dissolved organic matter in waters by ion exchange solid phase extraction followed by high resolution mass spectrometry

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex substance occurring in marine and freshwater environments. DOM has many functions that modify physical, chemical and...     

Influence of reclaimed water discharge on the dissemination and relationships of sulfonamide,sulfonamide resistance genes along the Chaobai River,Beijing

Reclaimed water threatens the ecological safety of the Chaobai River. SMX, TMP, and SDZ were the first three abundant antibiotics in the research area. SRGs and intI1 were widespread with high abundance after reclaimed water recharge. The SRGs values followed the sequence: Summer>autumn>spring>winter. Strong correlations were detected between SRGs and environmental factors. Reclaimed water represents an important source of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes, threatening the ecological safety of receiving environments, while alleviating water resource shortages. This study investigated the dissemination of sulfonamide (SAs), sulfonamide resistance genes (SRGs), and class one integrons (intI1) in the surface water of the recharging area of the Chaobai River. The three antibiotics sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and sulfadiazine had the highest abundance. The highest absolute abundances were 2.91×10⁶, 6.94×10⁶, and 2.18×10⁴ copies/mL for sul1, sul2, and intI1 at the recharge point, respectively. SRGs and intI1 were widespread and had high abundance not only at the recharging point, but also in remote areas up to 8 km away. Seasonal variations of SRGs abundance followed the order of summer>autumn>spring>winter. Significant correlations were found between SRGs and intI1 (R² = 0.887 and 0.786, p<0.01), indicating the potential risk of SRGs dissemination. Strong correlations between the abundance of SRGs and environmental factors were also found, suggesting that appropriate environmental conditions favor the spread of SRGs. The obtained results indicate that recharging with reclaimed water causes dissemination and enrichment of SAs and SRGs in the receiving river. Further research is required for the risk assessment and scientific management of reclaimed water.     

Experimental study on the discharge characteristics of viscous debris flow with grid-type dam

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Experimental tests were conducted on a rectangular flume with different grid-type dam grid sizes, channel slopes and debris flow bulk density. We use the Bernoulli...     

Repercussions of COVID-19 pandemic on solid waste generation and management strategies

• Implication of COVID-19 on medical waste and MSW generation is studied. • Challenges and effective strategy of solid waste generation is reviewed. • 2.9 million tons of COVID-19 related medical waste has been generated until Sep. 22. • The pandemic has postponed policies related to the reduction of plastic use. • Blockade resulted in a significant drop in waste generation in some regions. It has been over ten months since the beginning of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-2019), and its impact on solid waste management, especially medical waste, is becoming clearer. This study systematically reviews the potential influences of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical waste, personal protection equipment waste and municipal solid waste (MSW), and discusses the corresponding measures and policies of solid waste management in typical countries. The results show that the generation of medical waste from the pandemic increased significantly, with 18%‒425% growth. It is estimated that the daily output of COVID-19 medical waste increased from 200 t/d on Feb. 22 to over 29000 t/d at the end of September 2020 throughout the world. The use of personal protective equipment will continue to grow in the long-term, while the blockade and isolation measures greatly reduced the volume of commercial waste, especially for tourist cities, and part of this waste was transferred to household waste. Residents’ attitudes and behavior toward food waste have changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to the pandemic, international organizations and several countries have issued new policies and guidelines and adjusted their management strategies for medical waste and MSW treatment. The pandemic has brought specific challenges to the disposal capacity of medical waste worldwide. It has also brought about the stagnation of policies related to the reduction of plastic products and waste recycling. This study will provide some useful information for managers and governmental officials on effective solid waste management during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.     

Groundwater-surface water interactions in the hyporheic zone under climate change scenarios

Slight changes in climate, such as the rise of temperature or alterations of precipitation and evaporation, will dramatically influence nearly all freshwater and climate-related hydrological behavior on a global scale. The hyporheic zone (HZ), where groundwater (GW) and surface waters (SW) interact, is characterized by permeable sediments, low flow velocities, and gradients of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics along the exchange flows. Hyporheic metabolism, that is biogeochemical reactions within the HZ as well as various processes that exchange substances and energy with adjoining systems, is correlated with hyporheic organisms, habitats, and the organic matter (OM) supplied from GW and SW, which will inevitably be influenced by climate-related variations. The characteristics of the HZ in acting as a transition zone and in filtering and purifying exchanged water will be lost, resulting in a weakening of the self-purification capacity of natural water bodies. Thus, as human disturbances intensify in the future, GW and SW pollution will become a greater challenge for mankind than ever before. Biogeochemical processes in the HZ may favor the release of carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and methane (CH₄) under climate change scenarios. Future water resource management should consider the integrity of aquatic systems as a whole, including the HZ, rather than independently focusing on SW and GW.     

AA3自动分析仪测定地表水中的NO2-N、NO3-N＋NO2-N、NH3-N、PO4^3-

使用Bran＋Luebbe AutoAnalyzer 3自动分析仪，同时测定地表水中的NO2-N、NO3-N＋NO2-N、NH3-N、PO4^3-4个项目，结果显示相对标准偏差均〈1％，回收率在92％～108％之间，检测限较低，且系统运行稳定，能够满足地表水监测的要求。     

Simultaneous absorption of NO and SO2 into hexamminecobalt(II)/iodide solution

An innovative catalyst system has been developed to simultaneously remove NO and SO2 from combustion flue gas. Such catalyst system may be introduced to the scrubbing solution using ammonia solution to accomplish sequential absorption and catalytic oxidation of both NO and SO2 in the same reactor. When the catalyst system is utilized for removing NO and SO2 from the flue gas, Co(NH3)(6)2+ ions act as the catalyst and I- as the co-catalyst. Dissolved oxygen, in equilibrium with the residual oxygen in the flue gas, is the oxidant. The overall removal process is further enhanced by UV irradiation at 365 nm. More than 95% of NO is removed at a feed concentration of 250-900 ppm, and nearly 100% of SO2 is removed at a feed concentration of 800-2500 ppm. The sulfur dioxide co-existing in the flue gas is beneficial to NO absorption into hexamminecobalt(II)/iodide solution. NO and SO2 can be converted to ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate that can be used as fertilizer materials. The process described here demonstrates the feasibility of removing SO2 and NO simultaneously only by retrofitting the existing wet ammonia flue-gas-desulfurization (FGD) scrubbers.     

Overestimated role of sulfate in haze formation over Chinese megacities due to improper simulation of heterogeneous reactions

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Heterogeneous reactions involving aerosol water, i.e., haze chemistry, are responsible for high aerosol concentrations observed during severe haze events in...     

近20年来中国农业碳排放强度区域差异、时空格局及动态演化

研究农业碳排放强度的区域差异、时空格局与动态演化规律,对制定合理的农业碳减排政策具有重要的理论及实践意义。采用Theil指数及空间分析相关方法分析1997～2016年中国农业碳排放强度的区域差异、时空格局特征,并利用R/S分析法预测其演化趋势。结果表明:(1)1997～2016年中国及三大粮食功能区的农业碳排放强度均呈下降趋势,不同类型农业碳排放强度省域的空间分布变化均较大,碳排放高强度省域保持稳定,而低强度省域呈扩大态势;(2)农业碳排放强度的区域差异总体呈扩大趋势,其中区域间差异变化较小,区域内差异趋于扩大,粮食平衡区区域内差异趋于上升,主产区区域内差异先升后降,主销区区域内差异趋于收敛;(3)中国农业碳排放强度的空间集聚程度趋于缩小,热点区保持不变,而冷点区呈收缩态势,青-藏保持稳定性热点区,京-津-冀-陕-晋-豫-鲁为稳定性冷点区域;(4)中国、三大功能区及各省域农业碳排放强度具有明显的分形特征,未来碳排放强度值将呈现出继续下降的演化态势,尤其以粮食主销区的下降趋势具有更强的持久性。