Understanding the anthropogenic phosphorus pathway with substance flow analysis at the city level

Excessive input of phosphorus into natural water bodies as a result of anthropogenic processes is an escalating factor that leads to eutrophication. Hence, quantifying the pathway of phosphorus throughout the socioeconomic system is essential for the selection of appropriate measures to mitigate phosphorus discharge. The study develops an analytical model of anthropogenic phosphorus flows within a socioeconomic system based on substance flow analysis. The model consists of five major subsystems: the phosphorous chemical industry, agriculture, animal feeding, human consumption, and waste management. The results show that the total input and output of phosphorus in Chaohu City over 2008 are 8517.70 ton (t) and 4682.76 t, respectively. The estimation of phosphorus discharged into local surface water is 544.22 t, which primarily comes from agriculture (391.99 t, 72.03%), followed by large-scale farming (55.70 t, 10.23%), rural consumption (56.81 t, 10.44%), urban consumption (30.42 t, 5.59%), and waste management (9.30 t, 1.71%). Intensive input of fertilizers in agricultural practices was identified as the most important source of phosphorus load on local surface water. Hence, we propose that the eutrophication of local water bodies could be addressed by optimizing local industrial structure, developing ecological and organic-based agriculture, and improving waste collection and disposal practices.     

数字化技术在企业应急管理中的应用

在分析国家应急管理体系框架涵义的基础上,结合企业生产安全风险防控特点,给出企业开展应急管理工作的要点。介绍数字化技术在国内外应急管理工作平台、数字预案技术、应急通信、虚拟应急演练等方面的应用现状,分析数字化技术在各应急管理体系中的发展情况,为数字化技术在企业应急管理中的应用与进一步发展提供研究思路。     

有机改性蒙脱土的制备及其吸附脱硫性能研究

以苯基三甲基溴化铵(PTMAB)对Na基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)进行有机改性,制备有机改性蒙脱土并研究其吸附脱硫性能,初步探索吸附脱硫机理。利用气相色谱进行脱硫效果分析。实验表明:有机改性蒙脱土脱硫效果最佳可达到33.5%(脱硫率)。通过XRD、FT-IR、DGA-TGA、XPS、TEM表征Na-MMT、PTMAB-MMT,表明有机阳离子已成功插层进入蒙脱土的硅酸盐片层。分析吸附机理,得出在最佳实验条件下(60℃,吸附时间3 h)吸附脱硫过程中占据主导地位的为物理吸附。     

不同碳源对活性污泥反硝化能力的影响研究

针对城镇污水处理中碳源不足影响系统脱氮能力的问题,分别以乙酸钠、葡萄糖作为外源性碳源,考察其对活性污泥反硝化脱氮能力的影响。研究结果表明:在碳源投加量分别为50,100,200 mg/L条件下,单位(g)NO-3-N去除增量所需乙酸钠/葡萄糖的投加量分别为8.24 g/49.02g、9.62g/22.57g、—/21.07g。乙酸钠可用作城镇污水脱氮除磷过程中的高效外源性碳源,但从污水处理运行经济性来看,需根据系统实际需去除NO-3-N的量,合理确定碳源投加量。     

Engaging stakeholders in an adaptation process: governance and institutional arrangements in heat-health policy development in Adelaide, Australia

Record breaking heat waves have been recorded in Adelaide, Australia in recent years and climate change would likely increase the frequency, duration and severity of heat waves. This paper describes the governance and institutional arrangements during the development of an adaptation strategy (herein referred to as heat-health policy) for heat waves in Adelaide, Australia. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted between June and August 2011 among 18 stakeholders who were involved in the participatory process during the development of the heat-health policy. Informed consent was obtained and interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and the data analysed using framework analysis. Interview data were supplemented by data gathered through a review of documents associated with the process. The results found that the process of developing the heat-health policy was initiated by the state government and comprised of stakeholders from both the state and non-state sectors. There was a high level of leadership and political commitment demonstrated during the process, given that the different players wanted a policy to be in place before any future heat wave. A Steering Committee was established that provided coordination and oversight in addition to the Emergency Management Act within the state which provided the legislative framework during the heat-health policy development process. Although the decision-making authority was controlled by a controlled by a public institution, to a larger extent, there was collaborative decision-making by virtue of the context in which the heat-health policy was developed. An assurance mechanism established during the process was among the factors that ensured accountability during the participatory process. Overall, the development of the heat-health policy in Adelaide was largely successful, attributed to the extent of political commitment from the state government and the sound institutional and legislative framework that facilitated the process. Good governance and institutional arrangements provide the enabling environment, the structures, systems and resources that would facilitate the development of adaptation strategies such as heat-health policies.     

温州市黑臭河道河岸土对磷的吸附特征

为科学的对城市黑臭河道河岸带进行改造,选取温州市典型黑臭河道河岸土作为试验土壤,研究了河岸带土壤对磷的吸附能力,并分别采用Langmuir、Freundlich等温吸附模型进行拟合,计算出土壤样品的X_m、K值和K、b值等,分析了pH,粘粒、有机质.有效磷等对磷吸附作用的影响,探讨了河岸带土壤对地表径流磷的截留阻控能力,提出了若干改造城市河岸带的建议。结果表明,供试土壤的磷吸附状况能很好地拟合Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型,运用模型推算出了供试土壤对磷的最大吸附量在226.8～390.6 mg/kg;pH值与最大缓冲容量(MBC)、吸附强度因子K呈显著性负相关(P<0.05),因此提高pH值.并不能增加土壤对磷的贮存能力;物理粘粒含量跟最大缓冲容量(MBC)、吸附强度因子K呈显著性正相关(P<0.05),而最大吸附量X_m与土壤样品的物理性质相关性并不好,具体原因还需进一步研究。     

SPD与后备保护断路器配合性能研究

目前使用的后备保护断路器,由于不能与电涌保护器(SPD)协调配合,当电源异常或SPD劣化失效时,常导致火灾、设备遭雷击损坏事故的发生,针对这种情况,运用8/20μs、10/350μs波形模拟雷电流对多种型号后备保护器进行冲击试验测试和分断工频能力研究,对试验结果进行分析。结果表明,断路器不能限制瞬态过电压,且SPD短路失效时不能快速分断工频电流,应以SPD专用断路器取而代之。简要介绍了新型SPD专用断路器的原理,并对其性能进行了验证。     

高含硫天然气钻井环境风险评价及防范措施

天然气钻井作业由于地下情况复杂隐藏着多种不安全因素,存在着较大的环境风险。要真正减少钻井施工现场的安全事故,必须充分了解影响钻井施工安全的风险源,评估风险的危害性的大小及范围,通过抓好安全生产管理,对风险进行控制,达到安全生产施工的目标。文章分析了天然气钻井中可能出现的环境风险因素,提出预防或减缓事故的对策和措施,为钻井行业提供安全可靠的参考。     

Triboelectric charging behavior of wood particles during pellet handling processes

Electrostatic charges accumulated on wood particles through triboelectrification during their transportation and handling processes can cause hazardous electrical discharge which may further trigger dust explosion. In this work, tribo-charging behavior of different kinds of wood particles was investigated by a vibrating plate charging method. It was found that reduction in the work function difference between contact bodies might contribute to the reduction of tribo-charge generation, while the reduction of electrical resistivity of wood pellets could effectively accelerate the charge dissipation. As the particle size decreases, accumulated charges increase significantly. In contrast, higher moisture content of wood particles leads to lower charge accumulation due to an accelerated charge dissipation rate. Tribo-charging behaviors of white pellets, torrefied pellet, steam treated pellets and dark pellets have also been investigated. Compared to the white pellets, they all have shown a reduction on charge accumulation to some extent. However, results suggested that all of them have nearly equivalent tribo-charge density as coal and wheat grains used as references in this study.     

大穗型杂交水稻父本材料的耐冷性筛选与鉴定

冷害已成为我国杂交水稻发展中影响安全生产的一大问题,而与超级杂交稻密切关联的大穗型水稻的耐冷性鉴定尚没有成型的方法。以21个现有杂交稻水稻大穗型父本品种（品系）为材料,在水稻花粉母细胞减数分裂期采用人工气候室模拟当地水稻典型受害气象条件,进行连续7d低温处理（日平均温度175℃）,以受精率和毎穗颖花数为联合筛选指标进行了低温耐性筛选试验。结果表明,根据各品种对低温的反应,可将其分为4种类型,分别为耐低温型、较耐低温型、较感低温型和低温敏感型。其中BL006、R HQ和香八等3品种属于耐低温型,C 418属于低温敏可感型。经在水稻花粉母细胞减数分裂期低温处理后,耐低温型品种BL006、R HQ和香八的颖花受精率和毎穗颖花数受影响较小,花药长度变化不大,每柱头花粉总数、花粉萌发数和花粉萌发率降幅小;相反,低温敏感型品种C 418受精率和每穗颖花数严重下降,花药长度大幅减小,每柱头花粉总数、花粉萌发数和花粉萌发率显著降低。由此证明,针对大穗型水稻品种的耐冷性鉴定,采用颖花受精率和每穗颖花数作为联合筛选指标的人工气候室模拟鉴定法可能是一种可行的方法