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141.
将Ecotect软件应用到建筑玻璃幕墙光反射影响评价中,应用结果表明,Ecotect软件能准确地确定建筑玻璃幕墙反射光的影响范围,且能准确地确定幕墙遮阳设施或周围建筑的遮挡效果,这可大大加强建筑玻璃幕墙光反射影响评价的准确性.另外,Ecotect软件还可准确地分析出受影响的敏感目标或敏感目标受照反射光的来源,这可使幕墙设计者有针对性对受影响敏感目标或对敏感目标产生反射光影响的建筑玻璃幕墙立面采取预防控制措施,来降低或者消除光反射,从而从源头上减少或消除幕墙反射光对周围环境敏感目标的影响. 相似文献
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144.
Tan Xiaomei Brett Rose 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2007,5(1):9-16
This paper examines the connections among sustainability, governance and GDP, using the data from 123 countries. Sustainability is found to be related with GDP in two contradictory ways. On the one hand, growth in GDP strengthens a nation's ability to maintain favorable environmental conditions into the future. On the other hand, GDP growth is built on more consumption of natural resources, and therefore generates a larger "foot-print" on the Earth. Governance plays a key role in sustainable development. However, it is not helping to reduce our footprint on the Earth. In fact, good governance is linked to a larger footprint. This reflects our materialist value and human impulse. When a society prefers the comfort and wellbeing of human beings to the welfare of its environment, democratic governance might be used as an effective tool against nature. 相似文献
145.
Size distributions and sources of elements in particulate matter at curbside, urban and rural sites in Beijing 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
Size distributions of 29 elements in aerosols collected at urban, rural and curbside sites in Beijing were studied. High levels of Mn, Ni, As, Cd and Pb indicate the pollution of toxic heavy metals cannot be neglected in Beijing. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicates 4 sources of combustion emission, crust related sources, traffic related sources and volatile species from coal combustion. The elements can be roughly divided into 3 groups by size distribution and enrichment factors method (EFs). Group 1 elements are crust related and mainly found within coarse mode including Al, Mg, Ca, Sc, Ti, Fe, Sr, Zr and Ba; Group 2 elements are fossil fuel related and mostly concentrated in accumulation mode including S, As, Se, Ag, Cd, Tl and Pb; Group 3 elements are multi-source related and show multi-mode distribution including Be, Na, K, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Mo, Sn and Sb. The EFs of Be, S, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Tl and Pb show higher values in winter than in summer indicating sources of coal combustion for heating in winter. The abundance of Cu and Sb in coarse mode is about 2-6 times higher at curbside site than at urban site indicating their traffic sources. Coal burning may be the major source of Pb in Beijing since the phase out of leaded gasoline, as the EFs of Pb are comparable at both urban and curbside sites, and about two times higher in winter than that in summer. 相似文献
146.
Ultrafine particle emission characteristics of diesel engine by on-board and test bench measurement 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cheng Huang Diming Lou Zhiyuan Hu Piqiang Tan Di Yao Wei Hu Peng Li Jin Ren Changhong Chen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(11):1972-1978
This study investigated the emission characteristics of ultrafine particles based on test bench and on-board measurements. The bench test results showed the ultrafine particle number concentration of the diesel engine to be in the range of (0.56-8.35) × 108 cm-3. The on-board measurement results illustrated that the ultrafine particles were strongly correlated with changes in real-world driving cycles. The particle number concentration was down to 2.0 × 106 cm-3 and 2.7 × 107 cm-3 under decelerating and idling operations and as high as 5.0 × 108 cm-3 under accelerating operation. It was also indicated that the particle number measured by the two methods increased with the growth of engine load at each engine speed in both cases. The particle number presented a "U" shaped distribution with changing speed at high engine load conditions, which implies that the particle number will reach its lowest level at medium engine speeds. The particle sizes of both measurements showed single mode distributions. The peak of particle size was located at about 50-80 nm in the accumulation mode particle range. Nucleation mode particles will significantly increase at low engine load operations like idling and decelerating caused by the high concentration of unburned organic compounds. 相似文献
147.
针对2017年1月上旬广州地区出现的一次持续时间长的重污染天气过程,基于地面观测资料、激光雷达、风廓线雷达和微波辐射计数据,从水平和垂直扩散条件2个方面分析了此次污染过程的形成和维持的原因.结果表明:(1)本次污染过程期间,广州地区地面风速基本为小于2m/s的偏北风,在300m高度以下普遍存在平均水平风速低于2.6m/s的小风层;污染前期640m高度内的各层回流指数廓线小于0.6,100m高度小于0.4,污染缓解后回流指数高于0.7.(2)地面PM2.5浓度与逆温强度的相关系数为0.42,过程平均逆温厚度167m,平均逆温强度为1.08℃/100m;(3)PM2.5浓度与边界层高度的相关系数为-0.56,清洁时段的平均边界层高度(876m)约为污染时段(620m)的1.4倍,过程最低边界层高度为267m;PM2.5浓度与边界层通风量的相关系数为-0.61,清洁时段的平均边界层通风量(2538m2/s)约为污染时段(1136m2/s)的2.2倍,使用边界层通风量能更好表征大气污染的程度. 相似文献
148.
Ammara Habi Bin Chen Bushra Khali Saichun Tan Huizheng Che Tariq Mahmoo Guangyu Shi Muhammad Tahir Butt 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(2):154-166
This study presents detailed analysis of spatiotemporal variations and trend of dust optical properties i.e., Aerosol Optical Depth(AOD) and Angstrom component over Asian desert regions using thirteen years of data(i.e., 2001–2013) retrieved from Aerosol Robotic Network(AERONET), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) and Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer(MISR). These regions include Solar Village, Dunhuang and Dalangzadgad and are considered as origin of desert aerosols in Asia. Mann–Kendall trend test was used to show the trend of AOD. The relationship of AOD with weather parameters and general AOD trend over different wavelengths has also been shown. AOD's trend has been observed significant throughout the year in Solar Village, while in Dunhuang and Dalanzadgad the significant trend has been found only in peak period(March–June).Analysis show high values of AOD and low values of angstrom in Solar Village during peak period. In Chinese desert regions, high values of AOD have been found during peak period and low values in pre-peak period. Significant relationship has been observed between AOD and average temperature in Solar Village and Dalanzadgad whereas rainfall and wind speed showed no significant impact on AOD in all desert regions. 相似文献
149.
生态足迹的实证分析--中国经济增长中的生态制约 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
本文通过中国生态足迹的实证分析,讨论了生态系统资源供给方面对经济增长的制约,资源生态足迹是生态足迹的主要部分,反映了经济系统的资源消费,计算发现,1961-1999年中国资源生态足迹持续增长,从1961年的3.3亿hm^2年递增到1999年的16.8亿hm^2年平均增长率为4.4%,资源生态足迹的增长支持了同期的经济增长,但是,实证比较发展资源生态承载力大大低于资源生态足迹,这些实证结果表晨;一方面,中国经济持续增长造成了资源消费持续增加,而另一方面,中国生态系统资源供给能力有限,不能支持当前的资源消费及其增长,由于自然资源是经济系统进行生产的特质基础,其供给不足必然成为经济增长的制约因素。 相似文献
150.